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Subnet Used for link-local addresses [5] between two hosts on a single link when no IP address is otherwise specified, such as would have normally been retrieved from a DHCP server 172.16.0.0/12 172.16.0.0–172.31.255.255 1 048 576: Private network Used for local communications within a private network [3] 192.0.0.0/24 192.0.0.0–192.0.0.255 256
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A subnetwork, or subnet, is a logical subdivision of an IP network. [ 1 ] : 1, 16 The practice of dividing a network into two or more networks is called subnetting . Computers that belong to the same subnet are addressed with an identical group of its most-significant bits of their IP addresses .
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A broadcast address is a network address used to transmit to all devices connected to a multiple-access communications network. A message sent to a broadcast address may be received by all network-attached hosts. In contrast, a multicast address is used to address a specific group of devices, and a unicast address is used to address a single ...
When an authoritative name server receives a DNS query, it takes advantage of ECS DNS extension to resolve the hostname to a CDN which is geolocationally near to the client IP's subnet, hence the client makes further requests to a nearby CDN, thereby reducing latency. The EDNS client subnet mechanism is specified in RFC 7871.
Reservation messages (resv) The resv message is sent from the receiver to the sender host along the reverse data path. At each node the IP destination address of the resv message will change to the address of the next node on the reverse path and the IP source address to the address of the previous node address on the reverse path.
For credit-based shaper defined in IEEE 802.1Qav, Stream Reservation Class A is the highest, with worst-case latency requirement of 2 ms, and a measurement interval (maximum transmission period) of 125 μs; Class B has the second highest with worst-case latency of 50 ms, and a measurement interval of 250 μs.