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Signs and symptoms usually include a fever greater than 38.0 °C (100.4 °F), chills, low abdominal pain, and possibly bad-smelling vaginal discharge. [1] It usually occurs after the first 24 hours and within the first ten days following delivery.
Prolonged obstructed labour can lead to stillbirth, obstetric fistula, and maternal death. [19] Fetal death can be caused by asphyxia. [1] Obstructed labor is the leading cause of uterine rupture worldwide. [1] Maternal death can result from uterine rupture, complications during caesarean section, or sepsis. [18]
Others have defined the condition as blood loss of greater than 1000 mL after either delivery method, or any amount of blood loss with signs and symptoms of hypovolemia. [7] Secondary postpartum bleeding is that which occurs after the 24 hours up to 12 weeks after childbirth.
Shoulder dystocia is when, after vaginal delivery of the head, the baby's anterior shoulder gets caught above the mother's pubic bone. [3] [1] Signs include retraction of the baby's head back into the vagina, known as "turtle sign". [1] Complications for the baby may include brachial plexus injury, or clavicle fracture.
For example, a 1983 study in Nigeria found that 54.8% of the women affected were under 20 years of age, and 64.4% gave birth at home or in poorly equipped local clinics. [27] When available at all, cesarean sections and other medical interventions are usually not performed until after tissue damage has already been done.
Signs of infection include maternal fever, vaginal discharge, tender uterus or pain with urination. GBS Colonization - group B streptococcus is a bacterial pathogen commonly found in the gastrointestinal and vaginal membranes of healthy women. Presence of this bacteria is usually asymptomatic; therefore, pregnant patients will routinely be ...
In order to prevail in a birth injury malpractice case, the plaintiff must show (1) that the medical care provider owed a duty to the child, (2) that the medical care provider breached that duty by failing to meet the accepted standard of care, (3) that the child sustained an injury that was caused by the medical care provider's breach of duty ...
Intrauterine hypoxia can be attributed to maternal, placental, or fetal conditions. [12] Kingdom and Kaufmann classifies three categories for the origin of fetal hypoxia: 1) pre-placental (both mother and fetus are hypoxic), 2) utero-placental (mother is normal but placenta and fetus is hypoxic), 3) post-placental (only fetus is hypoxic).