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The main functions of the microcirculation are the delivery of oxygen and nutrients and the removal of carbon dioxide (CO 2). It also serves to regulate blood flow and tissue perfusion, thereby affecting blood pressure and responses to inflammation which can include edema (swelling).
Venous blood is typically colder than arterial blood, [1] and has a lower oxygen content and pH. It also has lower concentrations of glucose and other nutrients and has higher concentrations of urea and other waste products. The difference in the oxygen content of arterial blood and venous blood is known as the arteriovenous oxygen difference.
Venous blood (PvO 2) 40-35: Arterial blood offloads oxygen in the capillaries before flowing into the venous system. The partial pressure of oxygen in venous blood (PvO 2) can range widely in different veins that drain different tissues because of differences in oxygen demand of the tissues. [2] [1] Interstitial space in a resting skeletal ...
Hemoglobin has an oxygen binding capacity between 1.36 and 1.40 ml O 2 per gram hemoglobin, [23] which increases the total blood oxygen capacity seventyfold, [24] compared to if oxygen solely were carried by its solubility of 0.03 ml O 2 per liter blood per mm Hg partial pressure of oxygen (about 100 mm Hg in arteries). [24]
The heart is the driver of the circulatory system, pumping blood through rhythmic contraction and relaxation. The rate of blood flow out of the heart (often expressed in L/min) is known as the cardiac output (CO). Blood being pumped out of the heart first enters the aorta, the largest artery of the body.
The oxygen–hemoglobin dissociation curve, also called the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve or oxygen dissociation curve (ODC), is a curve that plots the proportion of hemoglobin in its saturated (oxygen-laden) form on the vertical axis against the prevailing oxygen tension on the horizontal axis. This curve is an important tool for ...
Arterial blood oxygen tension (normal) P a O 2 – Partial pressure of oxygen at sea level (160 mmHg (21.3 kPa) in the atmosphere, 21% of the standard atmospheric pressure of 760 mmHg (101 kPa)) in arterial blood is between 75 and 100 mmHg (10.0 and 13.3 kPa). [4] [5] [6] Venous blood oxygen tension (normal)
Oxygen-poor blood enters the right side of the heart through two large veins. Oxygen-rich blood from the lungs enters through the pulmonary veins on the left side of the heart into the aorta and then reaches the rest of the body. The capillaries are responsible for allowing the blood to receive oxygen through tiny air sacs in the lungs.