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Pathos (plural: pathea) is an appeal to the audience's emotions. [6]: 42 The terms sympathy, pathetic, and empathy are derived from it. It can be in the form of metaphor, simile, a passionate delivery, or even a simple claim that a matter is unjust. Pathos can be particularly powerful if used well, but most speeches do not solely rely on pathos.
The book synthesized emotions and neurology and introduced the concept that action is a result of impression. Hartley determined that emotions drive people to react to appeals based on circumstance but also passions made up of cognitive impulses. [19] Campbell argues that belief and persuasion depend heavily on the force of an emotional appeal ...
Argumentum ad baculum (appeal to the stick, appeal to force, appeal to threat) – an argument made through coercion or threats of force to support position. [ 92 ] Argumentum ad populum (appeal to widespread belief, bandwagon argument, appeal to the majority, appeal to the people) – a proposition is claimed to be true or good solely because ...
The Potter Box is a model for making ethical decisions, developed by Ralph B. Potter, Jr., professor of social ethics emeritus at Harvard Divinity School. [1] It is commonly used by communication ethics scholars. According to this model, moral thinking should be a systematic process and how we come to decisions must be based in some reasoning.
Appeal to emotion or argumentum ad passiones (meaning the same in Latin) is an informal fallacy characterized by the manipulation of the recipient's emotions in order to win an argument, especially in the absence of factual evidence. [1]
But he differs from intuitionists by discarding appeals to intuition as "worthless" for determining moral truths, [22] since the intuition of one person often contradicts that of another. Instead, Ayer concludes that ethical concepts are "mere pseudo-concepts": The presence of an ethical symbol in a proposition adds nothing to its factual content.
The ethics of persuasion in professional media fields such as journalism have received some academic attention. Baker and Martinson present a five-part test which defines the five principles of truthfulness , authenticity , respect , equity, and social responsibility (i.e., the importance of the common good). [ 2 ]
By the end of the 1960s, the term Rapoport debate [51] [52] was used to refer to what Anatol Rapoport called ethical debate, [53] which is debate guided by Rapoport's Rogerian strategy. Philosopher Daniel Dennett , in his 2013 book Intuition Pumps and Other Tools for Thinking , called these principles Rapoport's rules of debate, [ 54 ] a term ...