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The known-plaintext attack (KPA) is an attack model for cryptanalysis where the attacker has access to both the plaintext (called a crib) and its encrypted version ().These can be used to reveal secret keys and code books.
The Commercial National Security Algorithm Suite (CNSA) is a set of cryptographic algorithms promulgated by the National Security Agency as a replacement for NSA Suite B Cryptography algorithms. It serves as the cryptographic base to protect US National Security Systems information up to the top secret level, while the NSA plans for a ...
In cryptography, a semantically secure cryptosystem is one where only negligible information about the plaintext can be feasibly extracted from the ciphertext.Specifically, any probabilistic, polynomial-time algorithm (PPTA) that is given the ciphertext of a certain message (taken from any distribution of messages), and the message's length, cannot determine any partial information on the ...
In cryptography, the simple XOR cipher is a type of additive cipher, [1] an encryption algorithm that operates according to the principles: . A 0 = A, A A = 0, A B = B A, (A B) C = A (B C),
Symmetric key cryptography—compute a ciphertext decodable with the same key used to encode (e.g., AES) Public-key cryptography—compute a ciphertext decodable with a different key used to encode (e.g., RSA) Digital signatures—confirm the author of a message; Mix network—pool communications from many users to anonymize what came from whom
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 20 January 2025. Practice and study of secure communication techniques "Secret code" redirects here. For the Aya Kamiki album, see Secret Code. "Cryptology" redirects here. For the David S. Ware album, see Cryptology (album). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve ...
The most common definitions used in cryptography are indistinguishability under chosen-plaintext attack (abbreviated IND-CPA), indistinguishability under (non-adaptive) chosen-ciphertext attack (IND-CCA1), and indistinguishability under adaptive chosen-ciphertext attack (IND-CCA2). Security under either of the latter definition implies security ...
In cryptography, Skipjack is a block cipher—an algorithm for encryption—developed by the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA). Initially classified, it was originally intended for use in the controversial Clipper chip. Subsequently, the algorithm was declassified. [5]