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Examining the representation of numerosity in animals is a challenging task, since it is not possible to use language as a medium. Because of this, carefully designed experimental setups are required to differentiate between numerical abilities and other phenomena, such as the Clever Hans phenomenon, memorization of the single objects or perception of object size and time.
The 500 line segments defined above together form a shape in the Cartesian plane that resembles a bird with open wings. Looking at the line segments on the wings of the bird causes an optical illusion and may trick the viewer into thinking that the segments are curved lines. Therefore, the shape can also be considered as an optical artwork.
The birds then congregate in massive flocks made up of several different species for migratory purposes. Some birds make use of teamwork while hunting. Predatory birds hunting in pairs have been observed using a "bait and switch" technique, whereby one bird will distract the prey while the other swoops in for the kill.
Pigeons are sold at the rate of 5 for 3, sarasa-birds at the rate of 7 for 5, swans at the rate of 9 for 7, and peacocks at the rate of 3 for 9 (panas). A certain man was told to bring 100 birds for 100 panas. What does he give for each of the various kinds of birds he buys? The Bakshali manuscript gives the problem of solving the following ...
Although tool use was long assumed to be a uniquely human trait, there is now much evidence that many animals use tools, including mammals, birds, fish, cephalopods and insects. Discussions of tool use often involve a debate about what constitutes a "tool", and they often consider the relation of tool use to the animal's intelligence and brain ...
Flocking is the behavior exhibited when a group of birds, called a flock, are foraging or in flight. Sheep and goats also exhibit flocking behavior. Sheep and goats also exhibit flocking behavior. Computer simulations and mathematical models that have been developed to emulate the flocking behaviours of birds can also generally be applied to ...
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The book explores birds as thinkers (contrary to the cliché "bird brain") in the context of observed behavior in the wild and brings to it the scientific findings from lab and field research. [2] New research suggests that some birds, such as those in the family corvidae, can rival primates and even humans in forms of intelligence.