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The location map of the Dharwar Craton. The shaded area represents the Dharwar Craton. Generated from GeoMapApp (Ryan et al., 2009). [1]The Dharwar Craton is an Archean continental crust craton formed between 3.6-2.5 billion years ago (), which is located in southern India and considered the oldest part of the Indian peninsula.
A craton is an ancient part of the Earth's continental crust which has been more or less stable ... Dharwar Craton, India (3.4–2.6 Ga) Singhbhum Craton, India ...
A craton (/ ˈ k r eɪ t ɒ n / KRAYT-on, / ˈ k r æ t ɒ n / KRAT-on, or / ˈ k r eɪ t ən / KRAY-tən; [1] [2] [3] from Ancient Greek: κράτος kratos "strength") is an old and stable part of the continental lithosphere, which consists of Earth's two topmost layers, the crust and the uppermost mantle.
Nevertheless, the oldest cratons on Earth include the Kaapvaal Craton, the Western Gneiss Terrane of the Yilgarn Craton (~2.9 – >3.2 Ga), the Pilbara Craton (~3.4 Ga), and portions of the Canadian Shield (~2.4 – >3.6 Ga). Parts of Dharwar Craton in India are greater than 3.0 Ga.
Peninsular Gneiss or Peninsular Gniessic Complex are the gneissic complex of the metamorphics found all over the Indian Peninsula, on top of which, the supra-crustal Dharwar System have been laid down. [1] The term was first fashioned by W.F.Smeeth of the Mysore Geological Department in 1916 based on the first scientific study of this rock ...
A craton is an ancient stable continental block. [13] Also, a craton has survived from plate tectonics that pull apart, collide or tear continents. [13] On average, the felsic volcanic rocks only contribute to ≈15-20% in volcanic rocks of greenstone belts. [6] See Figure 2 and Table 1 for Examples of Archean felsic volcanic rocks occurrence.
(1) Archaean rocks of the eastern Dharwar Craton (the granites and gneisses) (2) the Eparchean unconformity (Quartzose sandstones overlying the granite with a distinct unconformity) (3) Puranas (a general name for Proterozoic sedimentary sequences found in a series of basins deposited on the Indian Shield; including the Cuddapah Basin) [ 7 ]
c. 2,440 Ma – Formation of Gawler Craton in Australia. c. 2,400 Ma – Huronian glaciation starts, probably from oxidation of earlier methane greenhouse gas produced by burial of organic sediments of photosynthesizers. Formation of Dharwar Craton in southern India. c. 2,400 Ma – Dharwar Craton in southern India stabilizes.