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The safety factor, labeled q or q(r), is the ratio of the times a particular magnetic field line travels around a toroidal confinement area's "long way" (toroidally) to the "short way" (poloidally). The term "safety" refers to the resulting stability of the plasma; plasmas that rotate around the torus poloidally about the same number of times ...
While the tokamak addresses the issue of plasma stability in a gross sense, plasmas are also subject to a number of dynamic instabilities. One of these, the kink instability, is strongly suppressed by the tokamak layout, a side-effect of the high safety factors of tokamaks. The lack of kinks allowed the tokamak to operate at much higher ...
An often cited description of the sawtooth relaxation is that by Kadomtsev. [2] The Kadomtsev model uses a resistive magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) description of the plasma. If the amplitude of the current density in the plasma core is high enough so that the central safety factor is below unity, a = linear eigenmode will be unstable, where is the poloidal mode number.
It operates the WEST tokamak. Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (United Kingdom). It is the home of the Joint European Torus (JET) and the Mega Ampere Spherical Tokamak-Upgrade (MAST-U). EPFL Swiss Plasma Center (Switzerland). It operates the tokamak à configuration variable (TCV) which specializes in plasma shaping research. General Atomics ...
Tokamaks are a type of pinch machine, differing from earlier designs primarily in the amount of current in the plasma: above a certain threshold known as the safety factor, or q, the plasma is much more stable. ZETA ran at a q around 1 ⁄ 3, while experiments on tokamaks demonstrated it needs to be at least 1. Machines following this rule ...
Subsequently, excellent control got established on tokamak plasma performance by controlling the plasma-wall interaction processes at the plasma boundary so the plasma duration was limited primarily by the `transformer pulse length'. However, for relevance to future power reactors it is essential to operate these devices in a steady state mode.
As of 2023 the device is known as JT-60SA and is the largest operational superconducting tokamak in the world, [1] built and operated jointly by the European Union and Japan in Naka, Ibaraki Prefecture. [2] [3] SA stands for super advanced tokamak, including a D-shaped plasma cross-section, superconducting coils, and active feedback control.
A spherical tokamak is a type of fusion power device based on the tokamak principle. It is notable for its very narrow profile, or aspect ratio . A traditional tokamak has a toroidal confinement area that gives it an overall shape similar to a donut , complete with a large hole in the middle.