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By the end of 1940, the population of the Gulag camps amounted to 1.5 million. [12] The emergent consensus among scholars is that, of the 14 million prisoners who passed through the Gulag camps and the 4 million prisoners who passed through the Gulag colonies from 1930 to 1953, roughly 1.5 to 1.7 million prisoners perished there or died soon ...
De-Stalinization meant an end to the role of large-scale forced labour in the economy. The process of freeing Gulag prisoners was started by Lavrentiy Beria. He was soon removed from power, arrested on 26 June 1953, and executed on 24 December 1953. Khrushchev emerged as the most powerful Soviet politician. [3]
The order required wives and children older than 15 years old to be sent to the GULAG for 5 to 8 years; children younger than 15 were put in "special orphanages". There were 19,000 wives were arrested and 25,000 children were removed. August 16 Creation of seven new "Forest GULAGs" for the people arrested under Order 00447 (second category ...
This contained official records of 799,455 executions (1921–1953), [8] around 1.7 million deaths in the Gulag, [9] [10] some 390,000 [11] deaths during the dekulakization forced resettlement, and up to 400,000 deaths of persons deported during the 1940s, [12] with a total of about 3.3 million officially recorded victims in these categories. [13]
Official figures put the total number of documentable executions during the years 1937 and 1938 at 681,692, [172] [173] in addition to 116,000 deaths in the Gulag, [1] and 2,000 unofficially killed in non-article 58 shootings; [1] whereas the total estimate of deaths brought about by Soviet repression during the Great Purge ranges from 950,000 ...
Gulag: A History, also published as Gulag: A History of the Soviet Camps, is a nonfiction book covering the history of the Soviet Gulag system. It was written by American author Anne Applebaum and published in 2003 by Doubleday. Gulag won the 2004 Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction and the 2004 Duff Cooper Prize.
Because of Germany's initial strides in the war, the Soviet Union's major coal supplier was Ukraine. By the end of 1941, the Nazi army had occupied virtually all of Ukraine, cutting Soviet coal production in half. [15] In 1943 the Vorkutlag's prisoner population exploded, as did the rate of coal extraction.
The institution called Gulag was closed by the MVD order No 020 of January 25, 1960. After the dismantling of Gulag, forced labor still continued to be a form of punishment in the form of corrective labor camps and corrective labor colony. In 1987, the CIA estimated that 4.5 million Soviet citizens were engaged in forced labor, constituting 3% ...