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The grape reaction product (GRP, GRP1 or 2-S-glutathionyl caftaric acid [1]) is a phenolic compound explaining the disappearance of caftaric acid from grape must during processing. [2] It is also found in aged red wines. [3] Its enzymatic production by polyphenol oxidase is important in limiting the browning of musts, [4] especially in white ...
In their first Neurospora paper, published in the November 15, 1941, edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Beadle and Tatum noted that it was "entirely tenable to suppose that these genes which are themselves a part of the system, control or regulate specific reactions in the system either by acting directly as enzymes or by determining the specificities of enzymes ...
The International Grape Genomics Program (IGGP) is a collaborative genome project dedicated to determining the genome sequence of the grapevine Vitis vinifera. It is a multinational project involving research centers in Australia , Canada , Chile , France , Germany , Italy , South Africa , Spain , and the United States .
The natural occurrence of fermentation means it was probably first observed long ago by humans. [3] The earliest uses of the word "fermentation" in relation to winemaking was in reference to the apparent "boiling" within the must that came from the anaerobic reaction of the yeast to the sugars in the grape juice and the release of carbon dioxide.
A mutation accumulation (MA) experiment is a genetic experiment in which isolated and inbred lines of organisms (so-called MA lines) are maintained such that the effect of natural selection is minimized, with the aim of quantitatively estimating the rates at which spontaneous mutations (mutations not caused by exogenous mutagens) occur in the studied organism.
Using the results of these experiments it was possible to construct a general mechanism for the reaction. Further work has been done to refine this mechanism since these early experiments. [23] [24] One such isotope scrambling experiment was the reaction of [2R-3 H]citrate with aconitase in the presence of 2-methyl-cis-aconitate.
Two strains of flies are white-eyed because of two different autosomal recessive mutations that interrupt different steps in a single pigment-producing metabolic pathway. Flies from Strain 1 have complementary mutations to flies from Strain 2 because when they are crossed the offspring can complete the full metabolic pathway and thus have red eyes.
The Meselson–Stahl experiment is an experiment by Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl in 1958 which supported Watson and Crick's hypothesis that DNA replication was semiconservative. In semiconservative replication, when the double-stranded DNA helix is replicated, each of the two new double-stranded DNA helices consisted of one strand from ...