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Cardiac markers are used for the diagnosis and risk stratification of patients with chest pain and suspected acute coronary syndrome and for management and prognosis in patients with diseases like acute heart failure. Most of the early markers identified were enzymes, and as a result, the term "cardiac enzymes" is sometimes used. However, not ...
Eosinophilic myocarditis is often viewed as a disorder that has three progressive stages. The first stage of eosinophilic myocarditis involves acute inflammation and cardiac cell necrosis (i.e. areas of dead cells); it is dominated by symptoms characterized as the acute coronary syndrome such as angina, heart attack and/or congestive heart failure.
[19] [20] Globally, Chagas disease is the leading cause of myocarditis, which results from infection with the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. [12] Bacteria can also result in myocarditis, although it is rare in patients with normal heart function and without a preexisting immunodeficiency. [18] [21] A list of the most relevant infectious organisms ...
Treatment will possibly prevent the heart from further deterioration, and the cardiomyopathy is largely reversible if complete abstinence from alcohol is maintained. [7] Unfortunately, for patients that require heart transplants, cardiomyopathy due to alcoholism has the lowest post-heart transplant survival out of all causes of cardiomyopathy. [11]
Some patients have low-grade fever (38–39 °C). Blood pressure may be elevated or decreased, and the pulse can become irregular. [8] [9]: 1444 If heart failure ensues, elevated jugular venous pressure and hepatojugular reflux, or swelling of the legs due to peripheral edema may be found on inspection.
An anginal equivalent is a symptom such as shortness of breath , diaphoresis (sweating), extreme fatigue, or pain at a site other than the chest, occurring in a patient at high cardiac risk. Anginal equivalents are considered to be symptoms of myocardial ischemia .
There are no specific diagnostic criteria for TIC, and it can be difficult to diagnose for a number of reasons. First, in patients presenting with both tachycardia and cardiomyopathy, it can be difficult to distinguish which is the causative agent. [5] Additionally, it can occur in patients with or without underlying structural heart disease. [6]
Cardiac enzymes are usually negative and are moderate at worst, and cardiac catheterization usually shows absence of significant coronary artery disease. [ 1 ] The diagnosis is made by the pathognomonic wall motion abnormalities, in which the base of the left ventricle is contracting normally or is hyperkinetic while the remainder of the left ...