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[1] 6-Hydroxymelatonin is produced as a result of the enzymatic conversion of melatonin through hydroxylation. [2] Similar to melatonin, 6-OHM is a full agonist of the MT 1 and MT 2 receptors. [3] [4] It is also an antioxidant and neuroprotective, and is even more potent in this regard relative to melatonin. [5] [6]
5,6-Dihydroxytryptamine (5,6-DHT) is a monoaminergic neurotoxin and tryptamine derivative related to serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) and 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is a relatively selective serotonergic neurotoxin , but also acts as a dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurotoxin at higher doses.
[4] [5] Researchers agree that the oxygen in the group binds to histidine (His) residues in transmembrane 5 (TM5) domain of the receptor with a hydrogen bond; His195 5.46 in MT 1 and His208 5.46 in MT 2. [3] [4] Another amino acid, Val192, also participates in the binding of the 5-methoxy group by binding to the methyl portion of the group. [4]
Cyclic 3-hydroxymelatonin (3-OHM) is a metabolite of melatonin and an antioxidant more potent than melatonin. [1] It is a non-radical species and does not further propagate the radical chain reaction It is a footprint product of the reaction between melatonin and hydroxyl radical. [2]
Melatonin is metabolized in the liver by cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP1A2 to 6-hydroxymelatonin. Metabolites are conjugated with sulfuric acid or glucuronic acid for excretion in the urine . Some of the metabolites formed via the reaction of melatonin with a free radical include cyclic 3-hydroxymelatonin , N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine ...
α-Alkyltryptamines are a group of substituted tryptamines which possess an alkyl group, such as a methyl or ethyl group, attached at the alpha carbon, and in most cases no substitution on the amine nitrogen.
3362 15565 Ensembl ENSG00000158748 ENSMUSG00000028747 UniProt P50406 Q9R1C8 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000871 NM_021358 NM_001377096 RefSeq (protein) NP_000862 NP_067333 NP_001364025 Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 19.66 – 19.68 Mb Chr 4: 138.79 – 138.8 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse The 5HT 6 receptor is a subtype of 5HT receptor that binds the endogenous neurotransmitter ...
Figure 5 is a more general scheme of the reaction pathway from serotonin to melatonin. The number 2.1.1.4 refers to the Enzyme Commission Number (EC Number) for N- Acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase. These two steps are embedded in the highly involved tryptophan metabolism pathway. [13] Figure 5: Pathway serotonin → melatonin