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Aluminium (or aluminum in North American English) is a chemical element; it has symbol Al and atomic number 13. Aluminium has a density lower than that of other common metals , about one-third that of steel .
Metallurgy derives from the Ancient Greek μεταλλουργός, metallourgós, "worker in metal", from μέταλλον, métallon, "mine, metal" + ἔργον, érgon, "work" The word was originally an alchemist's term for the extraction of metals from minerals, the ending -urgy signifying a process, especially manufacturing: it was discussed in this sense in the 1797 Encyclopædia ...
Straumsvik aluminum smelter, operated by Rio Tinto Alcan in Iceland. Aluminium smelting is the process of extracting aluminium from its oxide, alumina , generally by the Hall-Héroult process . Alumina is extracted from the ore bauxite by means of the Bayer process at an alumina refinery .
Aluminium (British and IUPAC spellings) or aluminum (North American spelling) combines characteristics of pre- and post-transition metals. Since it has few available electrons for metallic bonding, like its heavier group 13 congeners, it has the characteristic physical properties of a post-transition metal, with longer-than-expected interatomic ...
A Century Aluminum plant in Kentucky vented tons of perfluorocarbons, or PFCs, which are among the most potent and longest-lasting greenhouse gases on the planet.
Al 2 O commonly exists as a gas, since the solid state is not stable at room temperature and is only stable between 1050 and 1600 °C. Aluminium(I) oxide is formed by heating Al and Al 2 O 3 in a vacuum while in the presence of SiO 2 and C, and only by condensing the products. [2]
For gases, departure from 3 R per mole of atoms is generally due to two factors: (1) failure of the higher quantum-energy-spaced vibration modes in gas molecules to be excited at room temperature, and (2) loss of potential energy degree of freedom for small gas molecules, simply because most of their atoms are not bonded maximally in space to ...
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