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Hexactinellid sponges are sponges with a skeleton made of four- and/or six-pointed siliceous spicules, often referred to as glass sponges. They are usually classified along with other sponges in the phylum Porifera , but some researchers consider them sufficiently distinct to deserve their own phylum, Symplasma .
Euplectella is a genus of glass sponges which includes the well-known Venus' Flower Basket. Glass sponges have a skeleton [2] made up of silica spicules that can form geometric patterns. These animals are most commonly found on muddy sea bottoms in the Western Pacific and Indian Oceans. [3]
Glass sponges such as Claviscopulia are found worldwide in both hard and soft substrates and in the deeper part of the sea ranging from around 200m to more than 6000m. In some cases, glass sponges live in shallower areas like the submarine caves in Mediterranean or off the coast of British Columbia. [13]
The sponges are often found to house glass sponge shrimp, usually a breeding pair, who are typically unable to exit the sponge's lattice due to their size. Consequently, they live in and around these sponges, where the shrimp perform a mutualistic relationship with the sponge until they die. The shrimp live and mate in the shelter that the ...
Sponge reefs are reefs produced by sea sponges. All modern sponge reefs are formed by hexactinellid sponges, which have an endoskeleton made of silica spicules and are often referred to as "glass sponges", while historically the non-spiculed, calcite-skeletoned archaeocyathid and stromatoporoid sponges were the primary reef-builders.
Amphidiscosida (sometimes spelled Amphidiscosa) [2] [3] is an order of hexactinellids (glass sponges). The Amphidiscosida are commonly regarded as the only living sponges in the subclass Amphidiscophora. [4] [5] As the name implies, the Amphidiscosida are characterized by a special type of microsclere (microscopic spicules): amphidiscs ...
Euplectellidae is a family of glass sponges (Hexactinellids) belonging to the order Lyssacinosa, first represented in the Ordovician fossil record, substantially older than molecular estimates of the clade's age. [1]
Reticulosa is an extinct order of sea sponges in the class Hexactinellida (glass sponges) and the subclass Amphidiscophora. [1] [2] Reticulosans were diverse in shape and size, similar to their modern relatives, the amphidiscosidans.
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