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Commercial and industrial algae cultivation has numerous uses, including production of nutraceuticals such as omega-3 fatty acids (as algal oil) [97] [98] [99] or natural food colorants and dyes, food, fertilizers, bioplastics, chemical feedstock (raw material), protein-rich animal/aquaculture feed, pharmaceuticals, and algal fuel, [100] and ...
Microalgae or microphytes are microscopic algae invisible to the naked eye. They are phytoplankton typically found in freshwater and marine systems, living in both the water column and sediment. [1] They are unicellular species which exist individually, or in chains or groups. Depending on the species, their sizes can range from a few ...
[21] [38] Freshwater algal blooms can pose a threat to livestock. When the algae die or are eaten, neuro- and hepatotoxins are released which can kill animals and may pose a threat to humans. [39] [40] An example of algal toxins working their way into humans is the case of shellfish poisoning. [41]
Green algae are often classified with their embryophyte descendants in the green plant clade Viridiplantae (or Chlorobionta). Viridiplantae, together with red algae and glaucophyte algae, form the supergroup Primoplantae, also known as Archaeplastida or Plantae sensu lato. The ancestral green alga was a unicellular flagellate. [20]
Since then, hundreds of chloroplast genomes from various species have been sequenced, but they are mostly those of land plants and green algae—glaucophytes, red algae, and other algal groups are extremely underrepresented, potentially introducing some bias in views of "typical" chloroplast DNA structure and content.
Phycology (from Ancient Greek φῦκος (phûkos) ' seaweed ' and -λογία ' study of ') is the scientific study of algae. Also known as algology, phycology is a branch of life science. Algae are important as primary producers in aquatic ecosystems. Most algae are eukaryotic, photosynthetic organisms
Algae primarily use three different types of spores for asexual reproduction - autospores, zoospores, and aplanospores. [3] Autospores occur in several groups of algae, including Eustigmatophyceae, Dinoflagellates, and green algae. One example of a colonial alga that produces autospores is Dichotomococcus.
Two taxa, the corallines and Hildenbrandiaceae, bear conceptacles, although the striking difference between their formation indicates that the conceptacles are not homologous. [6] Similar structures also exist: cryptostomata are similar to conceptacles but differ having only hairs and are sterile; [ 5 ] caecostomata, are found only in Fucus ...