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Zipf's law (/ z ɪ f /; German pronunciation:) is an empirical law stating that when a list of measured values is sorted in decreasing order, the value of the n-th entry is often approximately inversely proportional to n. The best known instance of Zipf's law applies to the frequency table of words in a text or corpus of natural language:
Acoustic – the highest musical note (C 8) playable on a normally-tuned standard piano 8 kHz: ISDN sampling rate 10 4: 10 kHz 14 kHz: Acoustic – the typical upper limit of adult human hearing 17.4 kHz: Acoustic – a frequency known as the Mosquito, which is generally only audible to those under the age of 24. 25.1 kHz
The human mutation rate is higher in the male germ line (sperm) than the female (egg cells), but estimates of the exact rate have varied by an order of magnitude or more. This means that a human genome accumulates around 64 new mutations per generation because each full generation involves a number of cell divisions to generate gametes. [14]
The cumulative frequency is the total of the absolute frequencies of all events at or below a certain point in an ordered list of events. [1]: 17–19 The relative frequency (or empirical probability) of an event is the absolute frequency normalized by the total number of events:
List of orders of magnitude for energy; Factor (joules) SI prefix Value Item 10 −34 6.626 × 10 −34 J: Energy of a photon with a frequency of 1 hertz. [1] 8 × 10 −34 J: Average kinetic energy of translational motion of a molecule at the lowest temperature reached (38 picokelvin [2] as of 2021) 10 −30: quecto-(qJ) 10 −28 6.6×10 −28 J
CDMA2000 is a family of 3G mobile technology standards for sending voice, data, and signaling data between mobile phones and cell sites. It is a backwards-compatible successor to second-generation cdmaOne (IS-95) set of standards and used especially in North America and South Korea, China, Japan, Australia and New Zealand.
In statistics, ranking is the data transformation in which numerical or ordinal values are replaced by their rank when the data are sorted.. For example, if the numerical data 3.4, 5.1, 2.6, 7.3 are observed, the ranks of these data items would be 2, 3, 1 and 4 respectively.
A v-optimal histogram is based on the concept of minimizing a quantity which is called the weighted variance in this context. [1] This is defined as = =, where the histogram consists of J bins or buckets, n j is the number of items contained in the jth bin and where V j is the variance between the values associated with the items in the jth bin.