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[28] [29] Rubin's results were confirmed over subsequent decades, [1] and became the first persuasive results supporting the theory of dark matter, initially proposed by Fritz Zwicky in the 1930s. [1] [12] [30] This data was confirmed by radio astronomers, the discovery of the cosmic microwave background, and images of gravitational lensing.
In astronomy, dark matter is an invisible and hypothetical form of matter that does not interact with light or other electromagnetic radiation.Dark matter is implied by gravitational effects which cannot be explained by general relativity unless more matter is present than can be observed.
Sandra M. Faber (1944–) discovered the Great Attractor, a supercluster-scale gravitational anomaly; co-inventor of the theory of cold dark matter Hume A. Feldman (1953–) studies cosmological perturbations and the statistical and dynamical properties of the large scale structure of the universe
[6] [7] [8] The cosmological constant Λ is the simplest possible explanation for dark energy, and is used in the standard model of cosmology known as the ΛCDM model. According to quantum field theory (QFT), which underlies modern particle physics, empty space is defined by the vacuum state, which is composed of a collection of quantum fields.
The experiential nature of the experience of deep time has also greatly influenced the work of Joanna Macy. H. G. Wells and Julian Huxley regarded the difficulties of coping with the concept of deep time as exaggerated: "The use of different scales is simply a matter of practice," they said in The Science of Life (1929). "We very soon get used ...
The results show that cold dark matter produces a reasonable match to observations, but hot dark matter does not. The sky at energies above 100 MeV observed by the Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) of the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) satellite (1991–2000). 1988 – The CfA2 Great Wall is discovered in the CfA2 redshift ...
The Lambda-CDM, Lambda cold dark matter, or ΛCDM model is a mathematical model of the Big Bang theory with three major components: . a cosmological constant, denoted by lambda (Λ), associated with dark energy;
Kapteyn was born in Barneveld to Gerrit J. and Elisabeth C. (née Koomans) Kapteyn, [2] [3] and went to the University of Utrecht to study mathematics and physics in 1868. In 1875, after having finished his thesis, he worked for three years at the Leiden Observatory, before becoming the first Professor of Astronomy and Theoretical Mechanics at the University of Groningen, where he remained ...