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The Kingdom of England emerged from the gradual unification of the early medieval Anglo-Saxon kingdoms known as the Heptarchy: East Anglia, Mercia, Northumbria, Kent, Essex, Sussex, and Wessex. The Viking invasions of the 9th century upset the balance of power between the English kingdoms, and native Anglo-Saxon life in general.
1 May – the Declaration of Breda is presented to the Parliament of England which acknowledges that the lawful government of the nation is by King, Lords and Commons. [5] 8 May – Parliament declares that Charles has been lawful King of England since 1649 and invites him to return. [5] 15 May – John Thurloe is arrested for high treason.
The 1st Parliament of King Charles II (the 'Convention Parliament') which met from 25 April 1660 until 29 December 1660. Note that although Charles II's reign began de facto with the Restoration in 1660, it was considered to have begun de jure in 1649 with the execution of Charles I; as such, these acts are the regnal year 12 Cha. 2.
1618 England – Execution of Sir Walter Raleigh; 1625 England and Scotland – Death of James VI and I on 27 March; 1639 England and Scotland – At war until 1644 in what become known as the Bishops' Wars; 1640 England – The Long Parliament summoned. 1642 England – English Civil War begins (see Timeline of the English Civil War)
By royal proclamation, James styled himself "King of Great Britain", but no such kingdom was actually created until 1707, when England and Scotland united during the reign of Queen Anne to form the new Kingdom of Great Britain, with a single British parliament sitting at Westminster. This marked the end of the Kingdom of England as a sovereign ...
The Stuart Restoration was the reinstatement in May 1660 of the Stuart monarchy in England, Scotland, and Ireland.It replaced the Commonwealth of England, established in January 1649 after the execution of Charles I, with his son Charles II.
The term Commonwealth is sometimes used for the whole of 1649 to 1660 – called by some the Interregnum – although for other historians, the use of the term is limited to the years prior to Cromwell's formal assumption of power in 1653. In retrospect, the period of republican rule for England was a failure in the short term.
January 1. At daybreak, English Army Colonel George Monck, with two brigades of troops from his Scottish occupational force, fords the River Tweed at Coldstream in Scotland to cross the Anglo-Scottish border at Northumberland, with a mission of advancing toward London to end military rule of England by General John Lambert and to accomplish the English Restoration, the return of the monarchy ...