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Mobile phase – the phase that moves in a definite direction. It may be a liquid (LC and capillary electrochromatography, CEC), a gas (GC), or a supercritical fluid (supercritical-fluid chromatography, SFC). The mobile phase consists of the sample being separated/analyzed and the solvent that moves the sample through the column.
Paper chromatography is a useful technique because it is relatively quick and requires only small quantities of material. Separations in paper chromatography involve the principle of partition. In paper chromatography, substances are distributed between a stationary phase and a mobile phase.
The sample is deposited on the plate, which is eluted with a solvent or solvent mixture known as the mobile phase (or eluent). [3] This solvent then moves up the plate via capillary action. [4] As with all chromatography, some compounds are more attracted to the mobile phase, while others are more attracted to the stationary phase. [5]
Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) [1] is a form of normal phase chromatography that uses a supercritical fluid such as carbon dioxide as the mobile phase. [2] [3] It is used for the analysis and purification of low to moderate molecular weight, thermally labile molecules and can also be used for the separation of chiral compounds.
Gas chromatography is the process of separating compounds in a mixture by injecting a gaseous or liquid sample into a mobile phase, typically called the carrier gas, and passing the gas through a stationary phase. The mobile phase is usually an inert gas or an unreactive gas such as helium, argon, nitrogen or hydrogen. [1] The stationary phase ...
The mobile phase composition does not have to remain constant. A separation in which the mobile phase composition is changed during the separation process is described as a gradient elution. [38] [39] For example, a gradient can start at 10% methanol in water, and end at 90% methanol in water after 20 minutes.
Liquid chromatography is a method of physical separation in which the components of a liquid mixture are distributed between two immiscible phases, i.e., stationary and mobile. The practice of LC can be divided into five categories, i.e., adsorption chromatography , partition chromatography , ion-exchange chromatography , size-exclusion ...
It works because ions from the mobile phase interact with the immobilized ions on the stationary phase, thus "shielding" the stationary phase from the protein, and letting the protein elute. Elution from ion-exchange columns can be sensitive to changes of a single charge- chromatofocusing .