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Mobile phase – the phase that moves in a definite direction. It may be a liquid (LC and capillary electrochromatography, CEC), a gas (GC), or a supercritical fluid (supercritical-fluid chromatography, SFC). The mobile phase consists of the sample being separated/analyzed and the solvent that moves the sample through the column.
Size-exclusion chromatography, also known as molecular sieve chromatography, [1] is a chromatographic method in which molecules in solution are separated by their shape, and in some cases size. [2] It is usually applied to large molecules or macromolecular complexes such as proteins and industrial polymers . [ 3 ]
Elution principle of column chromatography. In analytical and organic chemistry, elution is the process of extracting one material from another by washing with a solvent: washing of loaded ion-exchange resins to remove captured ions, or eluting proteins or other biopolymers from a gel electrophoresis or chromatography column.
Fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) is a form of liquid chromatography that is often used to analyze or purify mixtures of proteins. As in other forms of chromatography, separation is possible because the different components of a mixture have different affinities for two materials, a moving fluid (the mobile phase) and a porous solid (the stationary phase).
See also Aqueous normal phase chromatography. It is commonly believed that in HILIC, the mobile phase forms a water-rich layer on the surface of the polar stationary phase vs. the water-deficient mobile phase, creating a liquid/liquid extraction system. The analyte is distributed between these two layers.
The sample is deposited on the plate, which is eluted with a solvent or solvent mixture known as the mobile phase (or eluent). [3] This solvent then moves up the plate via capillary action. [4] As with all chromatography, some compounds are more attracted to the mobile phase, while others are more attracted to the stationary phase. [5]
In reversed phase chromatography, the most polar compounds elute first with the more nonpolar compounds eluting later. The mobile phase is generally a mixture of water and miscible polarity-modifying organic solvent, such as methanol, acetonitrile or THF. Retention increases as the fraction of the polar solvent (water) in the mobile phase is ...
Paper chromatography is a useful technique because it is relatively quick and requires only small quantities of material. Separations in paper chromatography involve the principle of partition. In paper chromatography, substances are distributed between a stationary phase and a mobile phase.