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  2. Electrolytic capacitor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrolytic_capacitor

    An electrolytic capacitor is a polarized capacitor whose anode or positive plate is made of a metal that forms an insulating oxide layer through anodization. This oxide layer acts as the dielectric of the capacitor. A solid, liquid, or gel electrolyte covers the surface of this oxide layer, serving as the cathode or negative plate of the capacitor.

  3. Derating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derating

    Derating curves are included in data sheets for such capacitors. Derating can also provide a safety margin for transient voltages or currents (spikes) that exceed normal operation or prolong life. For example, the life of electrolytic capacitors is dramatically increased by operating them below their maximum temperature rating.

  4. ESR meter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESR_meter

    Aluminium electrolytic capacitors have a relatively high ESR that increases with age, heat, and ripple current; this can cause the equipment using them to malfunction.In older equipment, this tended to cause hum and degraded operation; modern equipment, in particular switch-mode power supplies, is very sensitive to ESR, and a capacitor with high ESR can cause equipment to malfunction or cause ...

  5. Capacitor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor

    Three aluminum electrolytic capacitors of varying capacity 3D model of a capacitor. Electrolytic capacitors use an aluminum or tantalum plate with an oxide dielectric layer. The second electrode is a liquid electrolyte, connected to the circuit by another foil plate. Electrolytic capacitors offer very high capacitance but suffer from poor ...

  6. Tantalum capacitor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantalum_capacitor

    A tantalum electrolytic capacitor is an electrolytic capacitor, a passive component of electronic circuits. It consists of a pellet of porous tantalum metal as an anode , covered by an insulating oxide layer that forms the dielectric, surrounded by liquid or solid electrolyte as a cathode .

  7. Aluminum electrolytic capacitor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../Aluminum_electrolytic_capacitor

    The ability of non-solid aluminum electrolytic capacitors to have a stable behavior during longer storage times can be tested using an accelerating test of storing the capacitor at its upper category temperature for a certain period, usually 1000 hours, without voltage applied.

  8. Capacitor types - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor_types

    Capacitors for AC applications are primarily film capacitors, metallized paper capacitors, ceramic capacitors and bipolar electrolytic capacitors. The rated AC load for an AC capacitor is the maximum sinusoidal effective AC current (rms) which may be applied continuously to a capacitor within the specified temperature range.

  9. Failure of electronic components - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failure_of_electronic...

    Aluminium versions having their electrolyte dry out for a gradual leakage, equivalent series resistance and loss of capacitance. Power dissipation by high ripple currents and internal resistances cause an increase of the capacitor's internal temperature beyond specifications, accelerating the deterioration rate; such capacitors usually fail short.