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With the prevalence of inner city ghettos and slums around the globe in cities, with approximately 1 billion people living in slums globally, [1] living situation is an especially strong determinant of health in poverty. Urban areas present health risks through poor living conditions, limited food resources, traffic accidents, and pollution. [1]
Each nation has its own threshold for absolute poverty line; in the United States, for example, the absolute poverty line was US$15.15 per day in 2010 (US$22,000 per year for a family of four), [22] while in India it was US$1.0 per day [23] and in China the absolute poverty line was US$0.55 per day, each on PPP basis in 2010. [24]
Often, poverty-areas do not have places to walk or get healthy food nearby, and they are bombarded with unhealthy promotions like cigarettes, alcohol, and fast food. [17] High-poverty areas also had higher death rates than low-poverty areas. [16] [18] The cost of housing is a huge detriment to physical health.
Conversely, economic instability, unemployment, and poverty are associated with higher rates of chronic diseases, mental health disorders, and overall poorer health status. According to Child Welfare League of America (CWLA), Economic stability is described as the ability to obtain the resources that is necessary to one's life and well-being.
Reducing poverty and economic inequality in the UK should be an “urgent public health necessity” as these are “toxic” to mental and physical health, a report warns.
U.S. Poverty Trends. Poverty and health are intertwined in the United States. [131] As of 2019, 10.5% of Americans were considered in poverty, according to the U.S. Government's official poverty measure. People who are beneath and at the poverty line have different health risks than citizens above it, as well as different health outcomes.
Diseases of poverty, also known as poverty-related diseases, are diseases that are more prevalent in low-income populations. [1] They include infectious diseases, as well as diseases related to malnutrition and poor health behaviour. Poverty is one of the major social determinants of health.