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The idea of eco-innovation is fairly recent. [1] One of the first appearances in the literature was in a 1996 book by Claude Fussler and Peter James. [2] In a subsequent article in 1997, Peter James defined eco-innovation as "new products and processes which provide customer and business value but significantly decrease environmental impacts". [3]
Sustainable product development (SPD) is a method for product development that incorporates t he Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development (FSSD), also known as The Natural Step (TNS). Incorporating sustainability aspects early on in the product development process has been claimed to offer competitive advantage .
Confidence in technological innovation as the main solution to un-sustainability; Reliance on business as the principal actor of transformation. The emphasis is on firms designing new products, shifting to new production processes, and investing in R&D, etc., more than on the retailer or the consumer, let alone the citizen.
[25] [26] Values-based business modelling activities can facilitate the exploration and elaboration of values-based business model innovation. Various methods have been developed to support the design of (responsible) innovation ecosystems based on sustainability values and normative frameworks such as the SDGs. [27] [28] [29] [30]
Sustainable Development Goal 9 (Goal 9 or SDG 9) is about "industry, innovation and infrastructure" and is one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 2015. [1] SDG 9 aims to build resilient infrastructure, promote sustainable industrialization and foster innovation. [2] [3]
According to Belz, Frank-Martin, [1] the definition of sustainable product has six characteristics: Customer satisfaction: any products or services that do not meet customer needs will not survive in the market in the long term. Dual focus: Unlike purely environmental products, sustainable products focus on ecological and social significance.
Based on their survey, Baragheh et al. attempted to formulate a multidisciplinary definition and arrived at the following: "Innovation is the multi-stage process whereby organizations transform ideas into new/improved products, service or processes, in order to advance, compete and differentiate themselves successfully in their marketplace" [8]
Sustainable packaging policy cannot be individualized by a specific product. Effective legislation would need to include alternatives to many products, not just a select few; otherwise, the positive impacts of sustainable packing will not be as effective as they need in order to propel a significant reduction of plastic packaging.