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Methazolamide (trade name Neptazane) is a potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. It is indicated in the treatment of increased intraocular pressure (IOP) in chronic open-angle glaucoma and secondary glaucoma. Also it is used preoperatively in acute angle-closure (narrow-angle) glaucoma where lowering the IOP is desired before surgery.
Glaucoma medication is divided into groups based on chemical structure and pharmacologic action. The goal of currently available glaucoma therapy is to preserve visual function by lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients that have an increased intraocular pressure.
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are a class of pharmaceuticals that suppress the activity of carbonic anhydrase. Their clinical use has been established as anti- glaucoma agents, diuretics , antiepileptics , in the management of mountain sickness , gastric and duodenal ulcers , idiopathic intracranial hypertension , neurological disorders , or ...
Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary processes of the eye decreases aqueous humor secretion and thus lowers the intraocular pressure in the anterior chamber, presumably by reducing the rate of formation of bicarbonate ions with subsequent reduction in sodium and fluid transport; this may alleviate the effects of open-angle glaucoma.
It is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and works by decreasing the production of aqueous humor. [3] Dorzolamide was approved for medical use in the United States in 1994. [3] It is available as a generic medication. [5] In 2022, it was the 201st most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 2 million prescriptions. [6] [7]
Brinzolamide works by blocking an enzyme called carbonic anhydrase, which produces bicarbonate needed for the production of the aqueous humour, while brimonidine tartrate blocks another enzyme known as adenylate cyclase, which is also involved in the production of the aqueous humour. [4]
Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, hence causing the accumulation of carbonic acid. [12] Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme found in red blood cells and many other tissues that catalyses the following reaction: [26] H 2 CO 3 ⇌ H 2 O + CO 2. hence lowering blood pH, by means of the following reaction that carbonic acid undergoes: [27]
Dichlorphenamide as a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor is used for the treatment of acute angle closure glaucoma. While Dichlorphenamide does contain two sulfate groups within the structure, it falls under the class of a first generation carbonic anhydrase Inhibitor.