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Stearic acid (/ ˈ s t ɪər ɪ k / STEER-ik, / s t i ˈ ær ɪ k / stee-ARR-ik) is a saturated fatty acid with an 18-carbon chain. [9] The IUPAC name is octadecanoic acid. [9] It is a soft waxy solid with the formula CH 3 (CH 2) 16 CO 2 H. [9] The triglyceride derived from three molecules of stearic acid is called stearin. [9]
Average composition of castor seed oil / fatty acids Acid name Range Type Ricinoleic acid: 85–95 ω−9 Oleic acid: 2–6 ω−9 Linoleic acid: 1–5 ω−6 α-Linolenic acid: 0.5–1 ω−3 Stearic acid: 0.5–1 saturated Palmitic acid: 0.5–1 saturated Dihydroxystearic acid: 0.3–0.5 saturated Others 0.2–0.5
Rice bran oil is the oil extracted from the hard outer brown layer of rice called bran. It is known for its high smoke point of 232 °C (450 °F) and mild flavor, making it suitable for high-temperature cooking methods such as stir frying and deep frying .
It is a triglyceride derived from three units of stearic acid. Most triglycerides are derived from at least two and more commonly three different fatty acids. [7] Like other triglycerides, stearin can crystallise in three polymorphs. For stearin, these melt at 54 (α-form), 65, and 72.5 °C (β-form). [3]
Palm stearin is the solid fraction of palm oil that is produced by partial crystallization at controlled temperature. [1] It is a stearin in the sense of stearins and oleins being the solid and liquid fractions respectively of fats and oils; not in the sense of glyceryl tristearate.
It also contains the saturated fatty acids stearic acid (C-18:0), 4%, and palmitic acid (C-16:0), 10%. The high proportion of oxidation-prone polyunsaturated fatty acid is undesirable for some uses, such as cooking oils. Three companies, Monsanto Company, DuPont/Bunge, and Asoyia in 2004 introduced low linolenic Roundup Ready soybeans.
Apple seed oil, high in linoleic acid. [66] Argan oil, from the seeds of the Argania spinosa, is a food oil from Morocco [67] developed through a women's cooperative founded in the 1990s, [note 3] that has also attracted recent attention in Europe. Avocado oil, an edible oil [68] used primarily in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries.
Saturated (Stearic acid) Elaidic acid is the main trans unsaturated fatty acid often found in partially hydrogenated vegetable oils. [32] Oleic acid is a cis unsaturated fatty acid making up 55–80% of olive oil. [33] Stearic acid is a saturated fatty acid found in animal fats and is the intended product in full hydrogenation.
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