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This timeline lists significant discoveries in physics and the laws of nature, including experimental discoveries, theoretical proposals that were confirmed experimentally, and theories that have significantly influenced current thinking in modern physics. Such discoveries are often a multi-step, multi-person process.
Physics was transformed by the discoveries of quantum mechanics, relativity, and atomic theory at the beginning of the 20th century. Physics today may be divided loosely into classical physics and modern physics. Detailed articles on specific topics are available through the Outline of the history of physics.
A golden age of physics began with the simultaneous discovery of the principle of the conservation of energy in the mid-19th century. [7] [8] A golden age of physics was the years 1925 to 1927. [9] The golden age of nonlinear physics was the period from 1950 to 1970, encompassing the Fermi–Pasta–Ulam–Tsingou problem and others. [10]
The timeline begins at the Bronze Age, as it is difficult to give even estimates for the timing of events prior to this, such as of the discovery of counting, natural numbers and arithmetic. To avoid overlap with timeline of historic inventions , the timeline does not list examples of documentation for manufactured substances and devices unless ...
4th century BC – Aristotle describes the composition of matter in terms of the four classical elements, founding Aristotelian physics. [10] 1st century AD – Pliny the Elder in his Natural History records the story of Magnes the shepherd who discovered the magnetic properties of some iron stones. [6]
Timeline of the early universe – events dating from the formation of the universe; Timelines from the formation of the Earth to the rise of modern humans Timeline of natural history (13,700,000,000 BCE – 200,000 BCE)
2000 scientists at Fermilab announce the first direct evidence for the tau neutrino, the third kind of neutrino in particle physics. [30] 2000 CERN announced quark-gluon plasma, a new phase of matter. [34] 2001 the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (Canada) confirm the existence of neutrino oscillations.
2009 – Robot Scientist (also known as Adam) is created, the first machine in history to have discovered new scientific knowledge independently of its human creators. [38] 2012 – Constructor theory, a proposal for a new mode of explanation in fundamental physics, is sketched out by the British physicist David Deutsch. [39]