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They usually occur just under the skin, but occasionally may be deeper. [1] Most are less than 5 cm (2.0 in) in size. [2] Common locations include upper back, shoulders, and abdomen. [4] It is possible to have several lipomas. [3] The cause is generally unclear. [1] Risk factors include family history, obesity, and lack of exercise.
Spindle cell sarcoma in muscle tissue. Spindle cell sarcoma is a type of connective tissue cancer.The tumors generally begin in layers of connective tissue, as found under the skin, between muscles, and surrounding organs, and will generally start as a small, inflamed lump, which grows in size.
In one extreme case, a ganglion cyst was observed to propagate extensively via the conduit of the common peroneal nerve sheath to a location in the thigh; in such cases surgery to the proximal joint to remove the articular connection may remove the need for a riskier, more extensive surgery in the neural tissue of the thigh. [19]
Nodules are small firm lumps usually greater than 1 cm in diameter, found in skin and other organs. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] If filled with fluid they are usually softer and referred to as cysts . [ 2 ] Smaller (less than 0.5 cm) raised soft tissue bumps may be termed papules .
Both tests are useful to establish the diagnosis of multiple symmetric lipomatosis, although magnetic resonance imaging provides more details and may be used when lipomas are large, deep, or have infiltrated muscle fibers or nerves. In some cases, a biopsy of the lipomas may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis. [3]
Lipodystrophy can appear as a lump or small dent in the skin that forms when a person performs injections repeatedly in the same spot. These types of lipodystrophies are harmless and can be avoided by changing (rotating) the locations of injections.
Some hematomas are visible under the surface of the skin (commonly called bruises) or possibly felt as masses or lumps. Lumps may be caused by the limitation of the blood to a sac, subcutaneous or intramuscular tissue space isolated by fascial planes. This is a key anatomical feature that helps prevent injuries from causing massive blood loss.
Erythema nodosum (EN) is an inflammatory condition characterized by inflammation of subcutaneous fat tissue, resulting in painful red/blue lumps or nodules that are usually seen symmetrically on both shins, on the thighs, arms, and elsewhere. [1]