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A partial conquest of Chile started from 1535, which resulted in minor Spanish settlements in the area. There is controversy regarding the use of the term "discovery" to refer to the European discovery of Chile, as from a collective human perspective, it was already inhabited by humans approximately 16,000 years ago.
Law N° 17.288 concerning national monuments stipulates that: National monuments are places, ruins, constructions or objects of historical or artistic character; burial sites or cemeteries or other remains of aborigines, anthropo-archaeological, paleontological or natural formation pieces or objects, which exist under or on the surface of the national territory or underwater within its ...
European emigration in Chile and to a lesser extent, the arrival from the Middle East during the second half of the 19th and 20th centuries, was the most important in Latin America [64] [65] second to that which occurred in the Atlantic Coast of the Southern Cone (i.e., Argentina and southern Brazil). [66]
The National Monuments of Chile (Spanish: Monumentos Nacionales de Chile) are structures, items and places which are recognized by the National Monuments Council (Consejo de Monumentos Nacionales) for representing the country's cultural heritage. They are all protected by law.
For Chile, stained glass was imported in 1875, coinciding with the campaign to build an image of the new Chilean nation following independence. [2] To bolster this national identity and this new preference for everything European, stained-glass windows imported from Europe followed the image program dictated by Rome and the Roman Catholic Church .
Valparaíso, Chile, in 1830. In 1818 Chile became independent from Spain and began to engage in trading with more nations. The port city of Valparaíso became a major center for trade with Hamburg, with commercial travellers and merchants from Germany staying for lengthy periods of time to work in Valparaíso. Some settled there permanently.
Spaniards were the only major European migrant group to Chile, [202] and there was never large-scale immigration such as that to Argentina or Brazil. [203] Between 1851 and 1924, Chile only received 0.5% of European immigration to Latin America, compared to 46% to Argentina, 33% to Brazil, 14% to Cuba, and 4% to Uruguay. [202]
The greatest resistance to Spanish rule came from the Mapuche people, who opposed European conquest and colonization until the 1880s; this resistance is known as the Arauco War. Valdivia died at the Battle of Tucapel , defeated by Lautaro , a young Mapuche toqui (war chief), but the European conquest was well underway.