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In children, abdominal x-ray is indicated in the acute setting: Suspected bowel obstruction or gastrointestinal perforation; Abdominal x-ray will demonstrate most cases of bowel obstruction, by showing dilated bowel loops. [1] Foreign body in the alimentary tract; can be identified if it is radiodense. [1] Suspected abdominal mass [1]
Figure 18. Renal stone located at the pyeloureteric junction with accompanying hydronephrosis. [1] With US, larger stones (>5–7 mm) within the kidney, i.e., in the calyces, the pelvis and the pyeloureteric junction, can be differentiated, especially in the cases with accompanying hydronephrosis (Figure 18 and Figure 19).
Patients with a kidney stone and obstruction are usually required to stay in hospital for monitoring or further treatment. An Emergency IVP is carried out roughly as follows: plain KUB or abdominal X-ray; an injection of contrast media, typically 50 ml; delayed abdominal X-ray, taken at roughly 15 minutes post injection.
Kidney stone disease, also known as renal calculus disease, nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis, is a crystallopathy where a solid piece of material (renal calculus) develops in the urinary tract. [2] Renal calculi typically form in the kidney and leave the body in the urine stream. [2] A small calculus may pass without causing symptoms. [2]
Diagnostic workup varies by the stone type, but in general: [citation needed] Clinical history and physical examination; Imaging studies: Some stone types (mainly those with substantial calcium content) can be detected on X-ray and CT scan; Many stone types can be detected by ultrasound
If a kidney stone is suspected (e.g. on the basis of characteristic colicky pain or the presence of a disproportionate amount of blood in the urine), a kidneys, ureters, and bladder x-ray (KUB film) may assist in identifying radioopaque stones. [9]
The use of these tubes may lead to an infection, which irritates the bladder, resulting in stone formation. Finally, a kidney stone may travel down the ureter into the bladder and become a bladder stone. There is some evidence indicating that chronic irritation of the bladder by retained stones may increase the chance of bladder cancer.
Pancake kidney; Pancake vertebra; Panda sign; Pauwel's angle; Pawnbroker's sign; Pearshaped bladder; Pedicle sign; Pencil Pointing; Pencil-in-cup sign; Peribronchial cuffing; Pericardial fat pad sign; Perkin's line; Phantom calyx sign; Picket fence appearance; Picture frame sign; Pie-in-the-sky sign; Piece of Pie sign; Playboy sign; Pneumatosis ...