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HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) equipment needs a control system to regulate the operation of a heating and/or air conditioning system. [1] Usually a sensing device is used to compare the actual state (e.g. temperature) with a target state. Then the control system draws a conclusion what action has to be taken (e.g. start the ...
MAP sensor data can be converted to air mass data by using a second variable coming from an IAT Sensor (intake air temperature sensor). This is called the speed-density method. Engine speed (RPM) is also used to determine where on a look up table to determine fuelling, hence speed-density (engine speed / air density).
The MAP sensor measures pressure in the engine's inlet manifold. When coupled with data regarding the engine's revolutions per minute, or RPM, and a table of volumetric efficiency over the operating range of the engine, the MAP sensor can be used by the engine management computer to calculate fuel requirements.
A relay Electromechanical relay principle Electromechanical relay schematic showing a control coil, four pairs of normally open and one pair of normally closed contacts An automotive-style miniature relay with the dust cover taken off. A relay is an electrically operated switch. It consists of a set of input terminals for a single or multiple ...
It includes analog and digital inputs, separate chip for preprocessing signal from the knock sensor (except SECU-3 'Lite' and 'Micro' units), a signal conditioner for VR start-pulse sensor (except SECU-3 Micro unit), a signal conditioner for the VR crankshaft position sensor (CKP), the interface with a computer, and the outputs for actuators ...
Wheel speed sensor; Airbag sensors; Automatic transmission speed sensor; Brake fluid pressure sensor; Camshaft position sensor (CMP) Cylinder Head Temperature gauge; Engine crankcase pressure sensor; Exhaust gas temperature sensor; Fuel level sensor; Fuel pressure sensor; Knock sensor; Light sensor; MAP sensor; Mass airflow sensor; Oil level ...
Where an additional cooling fan is driven by the engine, this also tracks engine speed similarly. Engine-driven fans are often regulated by a fan clutch from the drivebelt, which slips and reduces the fan speed at low temperatures. This improves fuel efficiency by not wasting power on driving the fan unnecessarily.
The actuator consists of a linear servo actuator servomotor that controls a plunger which varies air flow through the throttle body. The position of the servomotor and hence the amount of air bypass is controlled digitally by the engine ECU. This allows the engine's idle speed to be maintained constant.
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