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Retinyl palmitate, or vitamin A palmitate, is the ester of retinol and palmitic acid, with formula C 36 H 60 O 2. It is the most abundant form of vitamin A storage in animals. [2] An alternate spelling, retinol palmitate, which violates the -yl organic chemical naming convention for esters, is also frequently seen.
They protect vitamin A from oxidation during storage and prompt absorption of vitamin A. Beta-carotene and retinyl acetate or retinyl palmitate are used as a form of vitamin A for vitamin A fortification of fat-based foods. Fortification of sugar with retinyl palmitate as a form of vitamin A has been used extensively throughout Central America ...
Elevated amounts of retinyl ester (i.e., >10% of total circulating vitamin A) in the fasting state have been used as markers for chronic hypervitaminosis A in humans and monkeys. [21] This increased retinyl ester may be due to decreased hepatic uptake of vitamin A and the leaking of esters into the bloodstream from saturated hepatic stellate cells.
In enzymology, a retinyl-palmitate esterase (EC 3.1.1.21) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. retinyl palmitate + H 2 O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } retinol + palmitate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are retinyl palmitate and H 2 O , whereas its two products are retinol and palmitate .
Dr. Shirazi says Retinyl Palmitate is the lightest and most gentle form of retinol. “I call it the chamomile tea version since it has to be converted three times to have an effect on the skin.
The major source of retinoids in human diet are plant pigments such as carotenes and retinyl esters derived from animal sources. [15] Retinyl esters are transported through the chylomicron pathway to the liver or fat tissue while retinol or carotenes are transported from the enterocytes to the liver and are processed into retinyl esters by LRAT ...
The enzyme 11-cis-retinyl-palmitate hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.63) catalyzes the reaction 11-cis-retinyl palmitate + H 2 O 11-cis-retinol + palmitate. This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on carboxylic ester bonds. The systematic name is 11-cis-retinyl-palmitate acylhydrolase.
an all-trans-retinyl ester + H 2 O = 11-cis-retinol + a fatty acid. This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on carboxylic ester bonds. The systematic name is all-trans-retinyl ester acylhydrolase, 11-cis retinol-forming. This enzyme participates in retinol metabolism.
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