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  2. Phases of clinical research - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research

    Clinical trials testing potential medical products are commonly classified into four phases. The drug development process will normally proceed through all four phases over many years. [1] When expressed specifically, a clinical trial phase is capitalized both in name and Roman numeral, such as "Phase I" clinical trial. [1]

  3. Clinical trial - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_trial

    A clinical trial participant receives an injection. Clinical trials are prospective biomedical or behavioral research studies on human participants designed to answer specific questions about biomedical or behavioral interventions, including new treatments (such as novel vaccines, drugs, dietary choices, dietary supplements, and medical devices) and known interventions that warrant further ...

  4. Clinical research - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_research

    Clinical research is a branch of medical research that involves people and ... clinical trials involving new drugs are commonly classified into four phases. [1] [3 ...

  5. Preclinical development - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preclinical_development

    Based on preclinical trials, no-observed-adverse-effect levels (NOAELs) on drugs are established, which are used to determine initial phase 1 clinical trial dosage levels on a mass API per mass patient basis. Generally a 1/100 uncertainty factor or "safety margin" is included to account for interspecies (1/10) and inter-individual (1/10 ...

  6. Drug development - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_development

    Drug development is the process of bringing a new pharmaceutical drug to the market once a lead compound has been identified through the process of drug discovery.It includes preclinical research on microorganisms and animals, filing for regulatory status, such as via the United States Food and Drug Administration for an investigational new drug to initiate clinical trials on humans, and may ...

  7. Investigational New Drug - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Investigational_new_drug

    Clinical trial protocols are the centerpiece of the IND. Detailed protocols for proposed clinical studies to assess whether the initial-phase trials will expose the subjects to unnecessary risks. Other commitments are commitments to obtain informed consent from the research subjects, to obtain a review of the study by an institutional review ...

  8. Pivotal trial - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pivotal_trial

    A pivotal trial is typically a Phase III clinical trial in the multi-year process of clinical research intended to demonstrate and confirm the safety and efficacy of a treatment – such as a drug candidate, medical device or clinical diagnostic procedure – and to estimate the incidence of common adverse effects. [1]

  9. Drug pipeline - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_pipeline

    The drug pipeline is also sometimes restricted to a particular drug class or extended to mean the process of discovering drugs (the research and development pipeline). [3] The R&D pipeline involves various phases that can broadly be grouped in 4 stages: discovery, pre-clinical, clinical trials and marketing (or post-approval).