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A complementary strand of DNA or RNA may be constructed based on nucleobase complementarity. [2] Each base pair, A = T vs. G ≡ C, takes up roughly the same space, thereby enabling a twisted DNA double helix formation without any spatial distortions. Hydrogen bonding between the nucleobases also stabilizes the DNA double helix. [3]
Non-canonical base pairing. Non-canonical base pairs are planar hydrogen bonded pairs of nucleobases, having hydrogen bonding patterns which differ from the patterns observed in Watson-Crick base pairs, as in the classic double helical DNA. The structures of polynucleotide strands of both DNA and RNA molecules can be understood in terms of ...
Stem-loop. Stem-loop intramolecular base pairing is a pattern that can occur in single-stranded RNA. The structure is also known as a hairpin or hairpin loop. It occurs when two regions of the same strand, usually complementary in nucleotide sequence when read in opposite directions, base-pair to form a double helix that ends in an unpaired loop.
However, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) can form and (moreover) a single RNA molecule can, by complementary base pairing, form intrastrand double helixes, as in tRNA. While the sugar-phosphate "backbone" of DNA contains deoxyribose , RNA contains ribose instead. [ 4 ]
A base pair (bp) is a fundamental unit of double-stranded nucleic acids consisting of two nucleobases bound to each other by hydrogen bonds. They form the building blocks of the DNA double helix and contribute to the folded structure of both DNA and RNA. Dictated by specific hydrogen bonding patterns, "Watson–Crick" (or "Watson–Crick ...
In molecular biology, two nucleotides on opposite complementary DNA or RNA strands that are connected via hydrogen bonds are called a base pair (often abbreviated bp). In the canonical Watson-Crick base pairing, adenine (A) forms a base pair with thymine (T) and guanine (G) forms one with cytosine (C) in DNA.
Single-stranded RNA molecules can single handedly fold into complex structures. The molecules fold into secondary and tertiary structures by intramolecular base pairing. [7] There is a fine dynamic of disorder and order that facilitate an efficient structure formation. RNA strands form complementary base pairs.
An example of an RNA stem-loop. If now a second RNA stem-loop has complementary base-sequence, the two loops can base pair resulting in a kissing loop. This animated GIF shows two RNA loops (orange and green) bind to each other in a structure called a kissing loop.
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