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Terminology. The term rational in reference to the set refers to the fact that a rational number represents a ratio of two integers. In mathematics, "rational" is often used as a noun abbreviating "rational number". The adjective rational sometimes means that the coefficients are rational numbers. For example, a rational point is a ...
In mathematics, an algebraic expression is an expression built up from constants (usually, rational or algebraic numbers) variables, and the basic algebraic operations: addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (×), division (÷), whole number powers, and roots (fractional powers).
For the real numbers used in descriptive set theory, see Baire space (set theory). In mathematics, a real number is a number that can be used to measure a continuous one- dimensional quantity such as a distance, duration or temperature. Here, continuous means that pairs of values can have arbitrarily small differences.
Rational function. In mathematics, a rational function is any function that can be defined by a rational fraction, which is an algebraic fraction such that both the numerator and the denominator are polynomials. The coefficients of the polynomials need not be rational numbers; they may be taken in any field K.
A floating-point number is a rational number, because it can be represented as one integer divided by another; for example 1.45 × 10 3 is (145/100)×1000 or 145,000 /100. The base determines the fractions that can be represented; for instance, 1/5 cannot be represented exactly as a floating-point number using a binary base, but 1/5 can be ...
In mathematics, a relation denotes some kind of relationship between two objects in a set, which may or may not hold. [ 1 ] As an example, " is less than " is a relation on the set of natural numbers; it holds, for instance, between the values 1 and 3 (denoted as 1 < 3), and likewise between 3 and 4 (denoted as 3 < 4), but not between the ...
Polynomials in several variables simply take N to be the direct product of several copies of the monoid of non-negative integers. Several interesting examples of rings and groups are formed by taking N to be the additive monoid of non-negative rational numbers, (Osbourne 2000, §4.4).
Complex number. A complex number can be visually represented as a pair of numbers (a, b) forming a vector on a diagram called an Argand diagram, representing the complex plane. Re is the real axis, Im is the imaginary axis, and i is the "imaginary unit", that satisfies i2 = −1. In mathematics, a complex number is an element of a number system ...