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Spatial autocorrelation that is more positive than expected from random indicate the clustering of similar values across geographic space, while significant negative spatial autocorrelation indicates that neighboring values are more dissimilar than expected by chance, suggesting a spatial pattern similar to a chess board.
Common spatial pattern. Two sets of overlapping data used to illustrate how CSP can separate the data. Two sets of data after rotation by CSP to maximize the ratio of the variances along the two axes. Common spatial pattern (CSP) is a mathematical procedure used in signal processing for separating a multivariate signal into additive ...
A spatial distribution in statistics is the arrangement of a phenomenon across the Earth's surface and a graphical display of such an arrangement is an important tool in geographical and environmental statistics. [1] A graphical display of a spatial distribution may summarize raw data directly or may reflect the outcome of a more sophisticated ...
Pattern is the term for the contents and internal order of a heterogeneous area of land. [17] A landscape with structure and pattern implies that it has spatial heterogeneity, or the uneven distribution of objects across the landscape. [6] Heterogeneity is a key element of landscape ecology that separates this discipline from other branches of ...
Spatiotemporal patterns are patterns that occur in a wide range of natural phenoma and are characterized by a spatial and temporal patterning. The general rules of pattern formation hold. In contrast to "static", pure spatial patterns, the full complexity of spatiotemporal patterns can only be recognized over time.
Spatial ecology studies the ultimate distributional or spatial unit occupied by a species.In a particular habitat shared by several species, each of the species is usually confined to its own microhabitat or spatial niche because two species in the same general territory cannot usually occupy the same ecological niche for any significant length of time.
Visual thinking, also called visual or spatial learning or picture thinking, is the phenomenon of thinking through visual processing. [1] Visual thinking has been described as seeing words as a series of pictures. [2][3] It is common in approximately 60–65% of the general population. [1] ". Real picture thinkers", those who use visual ...
A very innovative thematic map from the 19th century. Isarithmic map of minimum temperature used as plant hardiness zones. A thematic map is a type of map that portrays the geographic pattern of a particular subject matter (theme) in a geographic area. This usually involves the use of map symbols to visualize selected properties of geographic ...