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In this diagram of a duplicated chromosome, (2) identifies the centromere—the region that joins the two sister chromatids, or each half of the chromosome. In prophase of mitosis, specialized regions on centromeres called kinetochores attach chromosomes to spindle fibers. The centromere links a pair of sister chromatids together during cell ...
The centrosome is copied only once per cell cycle, so that each daughter cell inherits one centrosome, containing two structures called centrioles. The centrosome replicates during the S phase of the cell cycle. During the prophase in the process of cell division called mitosis, the centrosomes migrate to opposite poles of the cell. The mitotic ...
The structure, visible by microscopy, is called a bivalent. [5] Resolution of the DNA recombination intermediate into a crossover exchanges DNA segments between the two homologous chromosomes at a site called a chiasma (plural: chiasmata). This physical strand exchange and the cohesion between the sister chromatids along each chromosome ensure ...
Prometaphase is the phase of mitosis following prophase and preceding metaphase in eukaryotic somatic cells. In prometaphase, the nuclear membrane breaks apart into numerous "membrane vesicles," and the chromosomes inside form protein structures called kinetochores. [1] Kinetochore microtubules emerging from the centrosomes at the poles (ends ...
A kinetochore (/ kɪˈnɛtəkɔːr /, /- ˈniːtəkɔːr /) is a disc-shaped protein structure associated with duplicated chromatids in eukaryotic cells where the spindle fibers attach during cell division to pull sister chromatids apart. [ 1 ] The kinetochore assembles on the centromere and links the chromosome to microtubule polymers from the ...
The structure formed by the centrosomes and the microtubules is named mitotic spindle, due to its characteristic shape, holding the chromosomes between the two centrosomes. The sister chromatids stay together until anaphase, when each travels toward the centrosome to which it is attached. In this way, when the two daughter cells separate at the ...
Cell membrane. The cytoskeleton consists of (a) microtubules, (b) microfilaments, and (c) intermediate filaments. [ 1 ] The cytoskeleton is a complex, dynamic network of interlinking protein filaments present in the cytoplasm of all cells, including those of bacteria and archaea. [ 2 ] In eukaryotes, it extends from the cell nucleus to the cell ...
Two connexons, joined across a cell membrane, comprise a gap junction channel. When two identical connexons come together to form a gap junction channel, it is called a homotypic channel. When one homomeric connexon and one heteromeric connexon come together, it is called a heterotypic gap junction channel.