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Information access is the freedom or ability to identify, obtain and make use of database or information effectively. [1] There are various research efforts in information access for which the objective is to simplify and make it more effective for human users to access and further process large and unwieldy amounts of data and information.
Freedom of information is related to freedom of expression, which can apply to any medium, be it oral, writing, print, electronic, or through art forms. This means that the protection of freedom of speech as a right includes not only the content, but also the means of expression. [5] Freedom of information is a separate concept which sometimes ...
Information about a person's financial transactions, including the amount of assets, positions held in stocks or funds, outstanding debts, and purchases can be sensitive. If criminals gain access to information such as a person's accounts or credit card numbers, that person could become the victim of fraud or identity theft. Information about a ...
Information security is the practice of protecting information by mitigating information risks. It is part of information risk management. [1] [2] It typically involves preventing or reducing the probability of unauthorized or inappropriate access to data or the unlawful use, disclosure, disruption, deletion, corruption, modification, inspection, recording, or devaluation of information. [3]
Information privilege is the ability to access information others cannot; this usually includes the most credible, scholarly, and peer-reviewed information. [1] The barriers to access include a person's geographical location , access to technology , access to education/higher education , status, financial situation , among other things. [ 2 ]
Access to U.S. national public records is guided by the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). Requests for access to records pursuant to FOIA may be refused by federal agencies if information requested is subject to exemption, or some information may be redacted (deleted). In addition to the national FOIA, all states have some form of FOI legislation.
Information sensitivity is the control of access to information or knowledge that might result in loss of an advantage or level of security if disclosed to others. [1] Loss, misuse, modification, or unauthorized access to sensitive information can adversely affect the privacy or welfare of an individual, trade secrets of a business or even the ...
Classified information is material that a government body deems to be sensitive information that must be protected. Access is restricted by law or regulation to particular groups of people with the necessary security clearance with a need to know. Mishandling of the material can incur criminal penalties.