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The Battle of Roncevaux Pass (French and English spelling, Roncesvalles in Spanish, Orreaga in Basque) in 778 saw a large force of Basques ambush a part of Charlemagne's army in Roncevaux Pass, a high mountain pass in the Pyrenees on the present border between France and Spain, after his invasion of the Iberian Peninsula.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 27 January 2025. King of the Franks, first Holy Roman Emperor For other uses, see Charlemagne (disambiguation). Charlemagne A denarius of Charlemagne dated c. 812–814 with the inscription KAROLVS IMP AVG (Karolus Imperator Augustus) King of the Franks Reign 9 October 768 – 28 January 814 Coronation 9 ...
Roland (French pronunciation:; Old Frankish: *Hrōþiland; Medieval Latin: Hruodlandus or Rotholandus; Italian: Orlando or Rolando; died 15 August 778) was a Frankish military leader under Charlemagne who became one of the principal figures in the literary cycle known as the Matter of France.
Louis was born in 778, while his father Charlemagne was on campaign through the Pyrenees, at the Carolingian villa of Cassinogilum, according to Einhard and the anonymous chronicler called Astronomus; the place is usually identified with Chasseneuil, near Poitiers. [4] He was the third son of Charlemagne by his wife Hildegard. [5]
The Song of Roland (French: La Chanson de Roland) is an 11th-century chanson de geste based on the deeds of the Frankish military leader Roland at the Battle of Roncevaux Pass in AD 778, during the reign of the Emperor Charlemagne. It is the oldest surviving major work of French literature.
Charlemagne ordered the execution of 4,500 Saxons near the confluence of the Aller and the Weser, in what is now Verden. Regarding the massacre, the entry reads: When he heard this, the Lord King Charles rushed to the place with all the Franks that he could gather on short notice and advanced to where the Aller flows into the Weser.
Following the sealing of this alliance at Paderborn, [12] Charlemagne marched across the Pyrenees in 778 "at the head of all the forces he could muster". [13] His troops were welcomed in Barcelona and Girona by Sulayman al-Arabi. [14] As he moved towards Zaragoza, the troops of Charlemagne were joined by troops led by Sulayman. [13]
The legend has them both dying in 778, when Charlemagne was still young and a generation before he would be crowned Emperor. Charlemagne's insignia of power were not to be carried on the battlefield. The Imperial Crown, in any case, was not created until more than a century after Charlemagne's death. As for the scepter, it dates from the 14th ...