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  2. Resonance (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resonance_(chemistry)

    Contributing structures of the carbonate ion. In chemistry, resonance, also called mesomerism, is a way of describing bonding in certain molecules or polyatomic ions by the combination of several contributing structures (or forms, [1] also variously known as resonance structures or canonical structures) into a resonance hybrid (or hybrid structure) in valence bond theory.

  3. Clar's rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clar's_rule

    Clar's rule states that for a benzenoid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (i.e. one with only hexagonal rings), the resonance structure with the largest number of disjoint aromatic π-sextets is the most important to characterize its chemical and physical properties. Such a resonance structure is called a Clar structure. In other words, a ...

  4. Lewis structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_structure

    Expressing resonance when drawing Lewis structures may be done either by drawing each of the possible resonance forms and placing double-headed arrows between them or by using dashed lines to represent the partial bonds (although the latter is a good representation of the resonance hybrid which is not, formally speaking, a Lewis structure ...

  5. Natural resonance theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_Resonance_Theory

    The NBOs for a resonance structure formula can then be, subsequently, calculated from the CHOOSE option. Operationally, there are three ways in which alternative resonance structures may be generated: (1) from the LEWIS option, considering the Wiberg bond indices ; (2) from the delocalization list; (3) specified by the user.

  6. Skeletal formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeletal_formula

    The skeletal formula of the antidepressant drug escitalopram, featuring skeletal representations of heteroatoms, a triple bond, phenyl groups and stereochemistry. The skeletal formula, line-angle formula, bond-line formula or shorthand formula of an organic compound is a type of molecular structural formula that serves as a shorthand representation of a molecule's bonding and some details of ...

  7. Valence bond theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_bond_theory

    A valence bond structure resembles a Lewis structure, but when a molecule cannot be fully represented by a single Lewis structure, multiple valence bond structures are used. Each of these VB structures represents a specific Lewis structure. This combination of valence bond structures is the main point of resonance theory.

  8. Structural formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_formula

    Skeletal structural formula of Vitamin B 12.Many organic molecules are too complicated to be specified by a molecular formula.. The structural formula of a chemical compound is a graphic representation of the molecular structure (determined by structural chemistry methods), showing how the atoms are connected to one another. [1]

  9. Mesomeric effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesomeric_effect

    In chemistry, the mesomeric effect (or resonance effect) is a property of substituents or functional groups in a chemical compound. It is defined as the polarity produced in the molecule by the interaction of two pi bonds or between a pi bond and lone pair of electrons present on an adjacent atom. [ 1 ]