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The environmental impact of concrete, its manufacture, and its applications, are complex, driven in part by direct impacts of construction and infrastructure, as well as by CO 2 emissions; between 4-8% of total global CO 2 emissions come from concrete. [1] Many depend on circumstances.
Eco-Cement is a brand-name for a type of cement which incorporates reactive magnesia (sometimes called caustic calcined magnesia or magnesium oxide, MgO), another hydraulic cement such as Portland cement, and optionally pozzolans and industrial by-products, to reduce the environmental impact relative to conventional cement.
The main components of LC3 cements are clinker, calcined clay, limestone, and gypsum. [24] [25] [26] The fresh concrete production involves synergetic hydration.[10] [27] Adding large amounts of calcined clay and ground limestone to the dry cement powder, [28] [29] when adding water to the mix for making concrete, cement and additives start to hydrate and the soluble aluminates released in ...
Sand and water on the side of the road, causing erosion on the environment Plastic bags dumped by the road side in Katete in mbarara district in western Uganda. The erosion caused by rains, rivers and winds as well as over-use of soils for agriculture and low use of manures have resulted in turning the soils infertile, as for example, in the plains of the Nile and the Orange River.
Sustainable construction aims to reduce the negative health and environmental impacts caused by the construction process and by the operation and use of buildings and the built environment. [1] It can be seen as the construction industry's contribution to more sustainable development. Precise definitions vary from place to place, and are ...
Ethiopia has 20 cement factories which produce mainly OPC and PPC cement. Two other cement factories are in the pipeline. As of 2017, production capacity in Ethiopian, according to the Ethiopian Reporter, [14] has increased to 15 million tonnes per year, but local consumption is only 6 million tonnes per year.
Cement manufacture causes environmental impacts at all stages of the process. These include emissions of airborne pollution in the form of dust, gases, noise and vibration when operating machinery and during blasting in quarries, and damage to countryside from quarrying. Equipment to reduce dust emissions during quarrying and manufacture of ...
The SAEON's development was stimulated by the International Long-Term Ecological Research in 1996 and promoted further by South Africa's Foundation for Research Development. [6] This initiative led to a study tour of the USLTER [ 7 ] and a landmark national science meeting, held together with an ILTER meeting in 1999, [ 8 ] during which a large ...