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Herbert Spencer He was in many ways the first true sociological functionalist. [ 12 ] In fact, while Durkheim is widely considered the most important functionalist among positivist theorists, it is known that much of his analysis was culled from reading Spencer's work, especially his Principles of Sociology (1874–96).
Herbert Spencer (27 April 1820 – 8 December 1903) was an English polymath active as a philosopher, psychologist, biologist, sociologist, and anthropologist. Spencer originated the expression " survival of the fittest ", which he coined in Principles of Biology (1864) after reading Charles Darwin 's 1859 book On the Origin of Species .
Herbert Spencer; Structural functionalism; T. Total institution This page was last edited on 24 October 2019, at 21:17 (UTC). Text is available under the ...
A common analogy (popularized by Herbert Spencer) is to regard norms and institutions as 'organs' that work towards the proper functioning of the entire 'body' of society. [81] The perspective was implicit in the original sociological positivism of Comte but was theorized in full by Durkheim, again with respect to observable, structural laws.
Classical functionalist theory is generally united by its tendency towards the biological analogy and notions of social evolutionism. As Giddens states: "Functionalist thought, from Comte onwards, has looked particularly towards biology as the science providing the closest and most compatible model for social science. Biology has been taken to ...
Herbert Spencer (1820–1903), English philosopher; Oswald Spengler (1880–1936), German philosopher; Lynette Spillman, American sociologist; Hasso Spode, German sociologist and historian; M N Srinivas (1916–1999), Indian sociologist; Susan Star, American sociologist; Carl Nicolai Starcke, Danish sociologist; David C. Stark, American sociologist
Economist Murray Rothbard called Social Statics "the greatest single work of libertarian political philosophy ever written." [3]In Lochner v.New York, Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., dissenting from the Supreme Court's holding that state legislation forbidding bakers from working more than ten hours a day or sixty hours a week violated the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to ...
Later, Karl Marx, Herbert Spencer, Ferdinand Tönnies, Émile Durkheim, and Max Weber would all contribute to structural concepts in sociology. The latter, for example, investigated and analyzed the institutions of modern society: market , bureaucracy (private enterprise and public administration), and politics (e.g. democracy).