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Phoebus Aaron Theodore Levene (25 February 1869 – 6 September 1940) was a Russian-born American biochemist who studied the structure and function of nucleic acids. He characterized the different forms of nucleic acid, DNA from RNA , and found that DNA contained adenine , guanine , thymine , cytosine , deoxyribose , and a phosphate group.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 12 December 2024. British X-ray crystallographer (1920–1958) This article is about the chemist. For the Mars rover named after her, see Rosalind Franklin (rover). Rosalind Franklin Franklin with a microscope in 1955 Born Rosalind Elsie Franklin (1920-07-25) 25 July 1920 Notting Hill, London, England ...
Rosalind Franklin joined King's College London in January 1951 to work on the crystallography of DNA. By the end of that year, she established two important facts: one is that phosphate groups, which are the molecular backbone for the nucleotide chains, lie on the outside (it was a general consensus at the time that they were at the inside); and the other is that DNA exists in two forms, a ...
1969: Molecular hybridization of radioactive DNA to the DNA of cytological preparation by Pardue, M. L. and Gall, J. G. 1970: Restriction enzymes were discovered in studies of a bacterium, Haemophilus influenzae, by Hamilton O. Smith and Daniel Nathans, enabling scientists to cut and paste DNA. [44]
In April 2023, scientists, based on new evidence, concluded that Rosalind Franklin was a contributor and "equal player" in the discovery process of DNA, rather than otherwise, as may have been presented subsequently after the time of the discovery. [7] [8] [9]
Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins CBE FRS (15 December 1916 – 5 October 2004) [2] was a New Zealand-born British biophysicist and Nobel laureate whose research spanned multiple areas of physics and biophysics, contributing to the scientific understanding of phosphorescence, isotope separation, optical microscopy, and X-ray diffraction.
Francis Harry Compton Crick OM FRS [3] [4] (8 June 1916 – 28 July 2004) was an English molecular biologist, biophysicist, and neuroscientist.He, James Watson, Rosalind Franklin, and Maurice Wilkins played crucial roles in deciphering the helical structure of the DNA molecule.
April 1 – Wangari Maathai, née Muta (died 2011), Kenyan biologist and winner of the Nobel Peace Prize. April 18 – Joseph L. Goldstein, American biochemist and winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. May 17 – Alan Kay, American computer scientist and winner of the Turing Award.