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The AT&T receiving Beverage antenna (left) and radio receiver (right) at Houlton, Maine, used for transatlantic telephone calls, from a 1920s magazine. The Beverage antenna or "wave antenna" is a long-wire receiving antenna mainly used in the low frequency and medium frequency radio bands, invented by Harold H. Beverage in 1921. [1]
Antenna directivity is the ratio of maximum radiation intensity (power per unit surface) radiated by the antenna in the maximum direction divided by the intensity radiated by a hypothetical isotropic antenna radiating the same total power as that antenna. For example, a hypothetical antenna which had a radiated pattern of a hemisphere (1/2 ...
Typical feeder loops are 1 / 8 to 1 / 5 the size of the antenna's main loop, which gives transform ratios of 64:1 to 25:1, respectively. Adjusting the proximity and angle of the feeder loop to the main loop, and distorting the feeder's shape, both make small-to-moderate changes to the transform ratio, and allows for fine ...
The electric field strength at a specific point can be determined from the power delivered to the transmitting antenna, its geometry and radiation resistance. Consider the case of a center-fed half-wave dipole antenna in free space, where the total length L is equal to one half wavelength (λ/2). If constructed from thin conductors, the current ...
A halo antenna, or halo, is a center-fed 1 / 2 wavelength dipole antenna, which has been bent into a circle, with a break directly opposite the feed point. The dipole's ends are close, but do not touch, and the ends on either side of the gap may be flared out to form a larger air gap capacitor , whose spacing is used to fine-adjust the ...
[2] Quarter-wave monopole The most common monopole is a vertical, 1 / 4 wave tall, which is the minimum size for it to self-resonate. [l] A one-quarter wave monopole has a gain of 5.12 dBi when mounted over a good ground plane.
The term power gain has been deprecated by IEEE. [1] In a transmitting antenna, the gain describes how well the antenna converts input power into radio waves headed in a specified direction. In a receiving antenna, the gain describes how well the antenna converts radio waves arriving from a specified direction into electrical power.
The effective area of an antenna is defined as "In a given direction, the ratio of the available power at the terminals of a receiving antenna to the power flux density of a plane wave incident on the antenna from that direction, the wave being polarization matched to the antenna." [1] Of particular note in this definition is that both ...