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  2. Reverse tolerance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_tolerance

    Reverse tolerance or drug sensitization is a pharmacological phenomenon describing subjects' increased reaction (positive or negative) to a drug following its repeated use. [4] Not all drugs are subject to reverse tolerance. This is the opposite of drug tolerance, in which the effect or the subject's reaction decreases following its repeated ...

  3. Catabolism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catabolism

    Released from alpha cells in the pancreas either when starving or when the body needs to generate additional energy; it stimulates the breakdown of glycogen in the liver to increase blood glucose levels; its effect is the opposite of insulin; glucagon and insulin are a part of a negative-feedback system that stabilizes blood glucose levels.

  4. Drug tolerance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_tolerance

    A medical intervention that has an objective to increase tolerance (e.g., allergen immunotherapy, in which one is exposed to larger and larger amounts of allergen to decrease one's allergic reactions) is called drug desensitization. [8] The opposite concept to drug tolerance is reverse tolerance, in which case the subject's reaction or effect ...

  5. Methamphetamine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methamphetamine

    Methamphetamine [note 1] (contracted from N-methylamphetamine) is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is mainly used as a recreational or performance-enhancing drug and less commonly as a second-line treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). [23]

  6. Drug antagonism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_antagonism

    Drug antagonism refers to a medicine stopping the action or effect of another substance, preventing a biological response. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The stopping actions are carried out by four major mechanisms, namely chemical, pharmacokinetic , receptor and physiological antagonism . [ 2 ]

  7. Drug metabolism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_metabolism

    Drug metabolism is the metabolic breakdown of drugs by living organisms, usually through specialized enzymatic systems. More generally, xenobiotic metabolism (from the Greek xenos "stranger" and biotic "related to living beings") is the set of metabolic pathways that modify the chemical structure of xenobiotics, which are compounds foreign to an organism's normal biochemistry, such as any drug ...

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  9. Antagonism (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antagonism_(chemistry)

    The word is most commonly used in this context in biochemistry and toxicology: interference in the physiological action of a chemical substance by another having a similar structure. For instance, a receptor antagonist is an agent that reduces the response that a ligand produces when the receptor antagonist binds to a receptor on a cell .