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The pseudoknot was first recognized in the turnip yellow mosaic virus in 1982. [2] Pseudoknots fold into knot-shaped three-dimensional conformations but are not true topological knots . These structures are categorized as cross (X) topology within the circuit topology framework, which, in contrast to knot theory, is a contact-based approach.
Nucleic acid tertiary structure is the three-dimensional shape of a nucleic acid ... One example of a pseudoknot motif is the highly stable Hepatitis Delta virus ...
A pseudoknot is a nucleic acid secondary structure containing at least two stem-loop structures in which half of one stem is intercalated between the two halves of another stem. Pseudoknots fold into knot-shaped three-dimensional conformations but are not true topological knots .
Shape abstraction retains adjacency and nesting of structural features, but disregards helix lengths, thus reduces the number of suboptimal solutions without losing significant information. Furthermore, shapes represent classes of structures for which probabilities based on Boltzmann-weighted energies can be computed.
The secondary structure is responsible for the shape that the nucleic acid assumes. The bases in the DNA are classified as purines and pyrimidines. The purines are adenine and guanine. Purines consist of a double ring structure, a six-membered and a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. The pyrimidines are cytosine and thymine. It has a ...
The stability of the loop also influences the formation of the stem-loop structure. Optimal loop length tends to be about 4-8 bases long; loops that are fewer than three bases long are sterically impossible and thus do not form, and large loops with no secondary structure of their own (such as pseudoknot pairing) are unstable.
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The Influenza virus pseudoknot is an RNA pseudoknot structure formed in one of the non-structural coding segments (NS) of influenza virus genome. [1] Pseudoknots are commonly found in viral genomes , especially RNA viruses , where they incorporate an RNA splice site and can have a wide range of functions. [ 2 ]