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[32] [a] He describes Hindutva, states Bhatt, as "one of the most comprehensive and bewildering synthetic concepts known to the human tongue" and "Hindutva is not a word but a history; not only the spiritual or religious history of our people as at times it is mistaken to be by being confounded with the other cognate term Hinduism, but a ...
He defined the word Hindu as: "He who considers India as both his Fatherland and Holyland". He thus defined Hindutva ("Hindu-ness") or Hindu as different from Hinduism. [98] This definition kept the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity and Islam) outside its ambit and considered only native religious denominations as Hindu. [99]
Because of the wide range of traditions and ideas covered by the term Hinduism, arriving at a comprehensive definition is difficult. [39] The religion "defies our desire to define and categorize it". [67] Hinduism has been variously defined as a religion, a religious tradition, a set of religious beliefs, and "a way of life".
The history of Hinduism covers a wide variety of related religious traditions native to the Indian subcontinent. [1] It overlaps or coincides with the development of religion in the Indian subcontinent since the Iron Age , with some of its traditions tracing back to prehistoric religions such as those of the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation .
Vedantic Hinduism, including Advaita Vedanta , based on the philosophical approach of the Upanishads. Yogic Hinduism, especially the sect based on the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali. "Dharmic" Hinduism or "daily morality", based on Karma and upon societal norms such as VivÄha (Hindu marriage customs). Bhakti or devotionalist practices
Marriages between Sikhs and Hindus, particularly among Khatris, were frequent. [153] Some Hindu families brought up a son as a Sikh, and some Hindus view Sikhism as a tradition within Hinduism, even though the Sikh faith is a distinct religion. [153]
Distortion of history in the National Council of Education Research and Training (NCERT) textbooks has been frequently observed under the BJP governments. [11] [12] G. N. Devy writes, "the discipline of history is so rich now in its knowledge of the past that Hindutva’s speculative historiography, though imposed upon learners through the NCERT, can hardly make a dent in it."
Essentials of Hindutva [1] [2] is an ideological epigraph written by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar in 1922. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] The book was published in 1923 while Savarkar was still in jail. [ 5 ] It was retitled Hindutva: Who Is a Hindu?