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As a consequence, the margin of the lips shows a transition between the thicker and thinner skin, represented by the vermilion border. It therefore has the appearance of a sharp line between the coloured edge of the lip and adjoining skin. [4] It has been described as a pale, white rolled border and also as being a red line. [1] [5]
The commissure is the corner of the mouth, where the vermillion border of the superior labium (upper lip) meets that of the inferior labium (lower lip). The commissure is important in facial appearance, particularly during some functions, including smiling. As such it is of interest to dental surgeons.
Chapped lips (also known as cheilitis simplex [5] or common cheilitis) [6] is characterized by the cracking, fissuring, and peeling of the skin of the lips, and is one of the most common types of cheilitis. [5] [7] While both lips may be affected, the lower lip is the most common site. [7]
The pattern of the vermilion border defines the areas of the lip: Philtrum-two vertical lines extending from the base of the nose to the central vermilion border, forming the bow of the central upper lip; Commissures-where the upper and lower lips meet laterally; Lateral upper lip-between philtrum and commissure.
Cupid's bow feature of a human lip. The upper and lower lips are referred to as the labium superius oris and labium inferius oris, respectively. [2] [3] The juncture where the lips meet the surrounding skin of the mouth area is the vermilion border, [4] and the typically reddish area within the borders is called the vermilion zone. [5]
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Eleidin can be found in the vermilion border of the lip. The lip is thinly keratinized and has a high concentration of eleidin. The red appearance of the vermillion border is due to several factors, one of which is the transparent nature of eleidin showing the color of the red blood cells beneath. [1]
The philtrum (Latin: philtrum from Ancient Greek φίλτρον phíltron, lit. "love charm" [2]) or medial cleft is a vertical indentation in the middle area of the upper lip, common to therian mammals, extending in humans from the nasal septum to the tubercle of the upper lip.