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A book cipher is a cipher in which each word or letter in the plaintext of a message is replaced by some code that locates it in another text, the key. A simple version of such a cipher would use a specific book as the key, and would replace each word of the plaintext by a number that gives the position where that word occurs in that book.
For example, 120.9.7 would refer to the 120th page, the 9th line on that page, and the seventh word in that line, which, in the following example is decoded as "general". The actual communications were often disguised by embedding it in a letter written by Arnold's wife Peggy , where the cipher would be written in invisible ink , but might also ...
Copiale cipher: Solved in 2011 1843 "The Gold-Bug" cryptogram by Edgar Allan Poe: Solved (solution given within the short story) 1882 Debosnys cipher: Unsolved 1885 Beale ciphers: Partially solved (1 out of the 3 ciphertexts solved between 1845 and 1885) 1897 Dorabella Cipher: Unsolved 1903 "The Adventure of the Dancing Men" code by Arthur ...
The Cardan grille was invented as a method of secret writing. The word cryptography became the more familiar term for secret communications from the middle of the 17th century. Earlier, the word steganography was common. [citation needed] The other general term for secret writing was cypher - also spelt cipher. There is a modern distinction ...
The sender chooses a set number of words at random from the poem and gives each letter in the chosen words a number. The numbers are then used as a key for a transposition cipher to conceal the plaintext of the message. The cipher used was often double transposition. To indicate to the receiver which words had been chosen, an indicator group of ...
Sheshach (Hebrew: ששך), whose king is mentioned in the Hebrew Bible in Jeremiah 25:26, is supposed to be equivalent to Babel (), according to a secret mode of writing practiced among the Jews of unknown antiquity, which consisted in substituting the last letter of the Hebrew alphabet for the first, the next to last one for the second, and so on.
Stilted language draws attention to itself and the purpose of the Cardan grille is to create a message “without suspicion” [citation needed] in the words of Francis Bacon. But the task was easier for Cardano, because 16th century spelling was not standardised and left much room for contractions and adornments of penmanship.
The Atbash cipher is a particular type of monoalphabetic cipher formed by taking the alphabet (or abjad, syllabary, etc.) and mapping it to its reverse, so that the first letter becomes the last letter, the second letter becomes the second to last letter, and so on. For example, the Hebrew alphabet would work like this: