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This test is to detect yeast’s ability to produce enzyme urease. Hydrolysis of urea in Christensen’s Urea Agar produces ammonia and carbon dioxide. Ammonia alkalinizes the medium, and the pH shift is detected by the colour change of phenol red in the medium from light orange at pH 6.8 to pink at pH 8.1. [12]
Urease activity was first identified in 1876 by Frédéric Alphonse Musculus as a soluble ferment. [4] In 1926, James B. Sumner, showed that urease is a protein by examining its crystallized form. [5]
Christensenella is a genus of non-spore-forming, anaerobic, and nonmotile bacteria from the family Christensenellaceae. They are also part of the order Clostridiales, the class Clostridia and the phylum Firmicutes. [1]
Raoultella planticola on urea agar. The urease agar slant is used to measure an organism’s ability to produce urease, an enzyme capable to digesting urea in carbon dioxide and ammonia through hydrolysis. Because ammonia is alkaline, the media contains phenol red, an indicator that changes from orange to pink when a pH increases above 8.1.
Lysine iron agar or LIA is a differential media used to distinguish bacteria that are able to decarboxylate lysine and/or produce hydrogen sulfide from those that cannot. [1] This test is particularly useful for distinguishing different Gram-negative bacilli —especially among the Enterobacteriaceae .
In 1935, Gibson used standard nutrient agar supplemented with 3-5% urea to inhibit most other soil organisms that would otherwise outcompete S. ureae. Pregerson's (1973) isolation technique was similar, but she used tryptic soy yeast agar (27.5 g Difco tryptic soy broth, 5.0 g Difco yeast extract, 15.0 g Difco agar, 1 liter of water ...
An agar plate – an example of a bacterial growth medium*: Specifically, it is a streak plate; the orange lines and dots are formed by bacterial colonies.. A growth medium or culture medium is a solid, liquid, or semi-solid designed to support the growth of a population of microorganisms or cells via the process of cell proliferation [1] or small plants like the moss Physcomitrella patens. [2]
Electroendosmosis is a reason agarose is used preferentially over agar as agaropectin in agar contains a significant amount of negatively charged sulphate and carboxyl groups. The removal of agaropectin in agarose substantially reduces the EEO, as well as reducing the non-specific adsorption of biomolecules to the gel matrix.