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The European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis), also known as the European corn worm or European high-flyer, is a moth of the family Crambidae. It is a pest of grain, particularly maize ( Zea mays ). The insect is native to Europe, originally infesting varieties of millet , including broom corn .
The Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis, is one of the biggest pests of maize in Asia, causing 10%-30% of yield losses in the field, and in some cases up to 80% yield loss. [7] These pests carry fungal pathogens (such as Bipolaris maydis and Curvularia lunata) which cause diseases such as maydis leaf blight and curvularia leaf spot in the crop.
There is an inserted gene in the DNA of MON 810 which allows the plant to make a protein that harms insects that try to eat it. The inserted gene is from the Bacillus thuringiensis which produces the Bt protein that is poisonous to insects in the order Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), including the European corn borer.
The next approval for cultivation was the Amflora potato for industrial applications in 2010 [15] [16] which was grown in Germany, Sweden and the Czech Republic that year. [17] The slow pace of approval was criticized as endangering European food safety [18] [19] although as of 2012, the EU had authorized the use of 48 genetically modified ...
Corn line MON802 was developed through genetic modification to be tolerant [3] to glyphosate herbicide and protect the plant from the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) (the Bt trait). [4] MON 809 is an Insect Resistant maize under license from Monsanto. [5]
These changes are likely to lead to increased demand for irrigation water, particularly during the potato growing season. [155] Potatoes grow best under temperate conditions. [158] Temperatures above 30 °C (86 °F) have negative effects on potato crops, from physiological damage such as brown spots on tubers, to slower growth, premature ...
This was the 'New Leaf' potato, and it was removed from the market in 2001 due to lack of interest. [59] In 1996, genetically modified maize producing Bt Cry protein was approved, which killed the European corn borer and related species; subsequent Bt genes were introduced that killed corn rootworm larvae. [60]
Vascular infections primarily occur from wounds caused by stalk-boring insects, such as the larvae of the European corn borer, allowing for conidia to infect and colonize the xylem. [12] From this, anthracnose top die back (vascular wilt) or stalk rot can occur. In the fall, C. graminicola survives as a saprophyte on corn leaf residue. The ...